The q-tangent and q-secant numbers via continued fractions

DOI10.1016/J.EJC.2010.04.003zbMATH Open1258.05003arXiv0911.4658OpenAlexW2039253374MaRDI QIDQ709241FDOQ709241

Authors: Heesung Shin, Jiang Zeng 

Publication date: 18 October 2010

Published in: European Journal of Combinatorics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: It is well known that the $(-1)$-evaluation of the enumerator polynomials of permutations (resp. derangements) by the number of excedances gives rise to tangent numbers (resp. secant numbers). Recently, two distinct $q$-analogues of the latter result have been discovered by Foata and Han, and Josuat-Verg`es, respectively. In this paper, we will prove some general continued fractions expansions formulae, which permits us to give a unified treatment of Josuat-Verg`es' two formulae and also to derive a new $q$-analogue of the aforementioned formulae. Our approach is based on a $(p,q)$-analogue of tangent and secant numbers via continued fractions and also the generating function of permutations with respect to the quintuple statistic consisting of fixed point number, weak excedance number, crossing number, nesting number and inversion number. We also give a combinatorial proof of Josuat-Verg`es' formulae by using a new linear model of derangements.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/0911.4658

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zbMATH Keywords

Eulerian numberstangent numberslinear model of derangements

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Permutations, words, matrices (05A05) Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) (q)-calculus and related topics (05A30) Continued fractions and generalizations (11J70) Basic hypergeometric functions in one variable, ({}_rphi_s) (33D15)

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Cited In (38)

• The \(q\)-tangent and \(q\)-secant numbers via basic Eulerian polynomials
• Some multivariate polynomials for doubled permutations
• Various properties of high-order \((p, q)\)-poly-tangent polynomials and the phenomena of their roots
• A NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE ROOT OF THE (p, q)-ANALOGUE OF BERNOULLI POLYNOMIALS
• A \(q\)-enumeration of alternating permutations
• Symmetric identities for \((P,Q)\)-analogue of tangent zeta function
• Combinatorics of geometrically distributed random variables: New \(q\)-tangent and \(q\)-secant numbers
• The \((t,q)\)-analogs of secant and tangent numbers
• A new encoding of permutations by Laguerre histories
• Finite difference calculus for alternating permutations
• Brändén's \((p,q)\)-Eulerian polynomials, André permutations and continued fractions
• Signed countings of types B and D permutations and \(t,q\)-Euler numbers
• Some identities involving \(q\)-poly-tangent numbers and polynomials and distribution of their zeros
• The symmetric and unimodal expansion of Eulerian polynomials via continued fractions
• Some multivariate master polynomials for permutations, set partitions, and perfect matchings, and their continued fractions
• Doubloons and \(q\)-secant numbers
• Enumeration formulas for generalized \(q\)-Euler numbers
• Eulerian polynomials and excedance statistics
• Combinatorial properties of multidimensional continued fractions
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• \(q\)-enumeration of alternating permutations of odd length
• The \(q\)-Lidstone series involving \(q\)-Bernoulli and \(q\)-Euler polynomials generated by the third Jackson \(q\)-Bessel function
• A grammar of Dumont and a theorem of Diaconis-Evans-Graham
• Some properties of degenerate \(q\)-poly-tangent polynomials
• Equidistributions around special kinds of descents and excedances
• \((q, t)\)-Catalan numbers: gamma expansions, pattern avoidances, and the \((-1)\)-phenomenon
• Secant tree calculus
• DOUBLOONS AND NEW Q-TANGENT NUMBERS
• Bijections for Entringer families
• On some continued fraction expansions of the Rogers-Ramanujan type
• Symmetric unimodal expansions of excedances in colored permutations
• Multivariable tangent and secant \(q\)-derivative polynomials
• On higher-order poly-tangent polynomials
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• \(q\)-Analogs of Lidstone expansion theorem, two-point Taylor expansion theorem, and Bernoulli polynomials
• A NOTE ON THE CARLITZ’S TYPE (h, q)-TANGENT NUMBERS AND POLYNOMIALS
• Permutation statistics and weak Bruhat order in permutation tableaux of type \(B\)
• Hankel continued fractions and Hankel determinants of the Euler numbers

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