The q-tangent and q-secant numbers via continued fractions

DOI10.1016/J.EJC.2010.04.003MaRDI QIDQ709241zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Heesung Shin, Jiang Zeng

Publication date 18 October 2010

Published in European Journal of Combinatorics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0911.4658

zbMATH Keywords

Eulerian numberstangent numberslinear model of derangements

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Permutations, words, matrices (05A05) Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) (q)-calculus and related topics (05A30) Continued fractions and generalizations (11J70) Basic hypergeometric functions in one variable, ({}_rphi_s) (33D15)

Abstract: It is well known that the $(-1)$-evaluation of the enumerator polynomials of permutations (resp. derangements) by the number of excedances gives rise to tangent numbers (resp. secant numbers). Recently, two distinct $q$-analogues of the latter result have been discovered by Foata and Han, and Josuat-Verg`es, respectively. In this paper, we will prove some general continued fractions expansions formulae, which permits us to give a unified treatment of Josuat-Verg`es' two formulae and also to derive a new $q$-analogue of the aforementioned formulae. Our approach is based on a $(p,q)$-analogue of tangent and secant numbers via continued fractions and also the generating function of permutations with respect to the quintuple statistic consisting of fixed point number, weak excedance number, crossing number, nesting number and inversion number. We also give a combinatorial proof of Josuat-Verg`es' formulae by using a new linear model of derangements.

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Cited in

(38)

• The \(q\)-tangent and \(q\)-secant numbers via basic Eulerian polynomials
• Some multivariate polynomials for doubled permutations
• A q-enumeration of alternating permutations
• A NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE ROOT OF THE (p, q)-ANALOGUE OF BERNOULLI POLYNOMIALS
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