Light deflection and Gauss-Bonnet theorem: definition of total deflection angle and its applications

DOI10.1007/S10714-018-2368-2MaRDI QIDQ725360zbMATHOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Hideyoshi Arakida

Publication date 1 August 2018

Published in General Relativity and Gravitation (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.04011

zbMATH Keywords

cosmological constantgravitationlight deflection

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Equations of motion in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C10) Applications of differential geometry to physics (53Z05) Black holes (83C57)

Abstract: In this paper, we re-examine the light deflection in the Schwarzschild and the Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime. First, supposing a static and spherically symmetric spacetime, we propose the definition of the total deflection angle $alpha$ of the light ray by constructing a quadrilateral $Sigm{a}^4$ on the optical reference geometry ${calM}^{mopt}$ determined by the optical metric $$. On the basis of the definition of the total deflection angle $alpha$ and the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, we derive two formulas to calculate the total deflection angle $alpha$; (i) the angular formula that uses four angles determined on the optical reference geometry ${calM}^{mopt}$ or the curved $(r,phi)$ subspace ${calM}^{msub}$ being a slice of constant time $t$ and (ii) the integral formula on the optical reference geometry ${calM}^{mopt}$ which is the areal integral of the Gaussian curvature $K$ in the area of a quadrilateral $Sigm{a}^4$ and the line integral of the geodesic curvature $kapp{a}_g$ along the curve $C_{Gamma}$. As the curve $C_{Gamma}$, we introduce the unperturbed reference line that is the null geodesic $Gamma$ on the background spacetime such as the Minkowski or the de Sitter spacetime, and is obtained by projecting $Gamma$ vertically onto the curved $(r,phi)$ subspace ${calM}^{msub}$. We demonstrate that the two formulas give the same total deflection angle $alpha$ for the Schwarzschild and the Schwarzschild--de Sitter spacetime. In particular, in the Schwarzschild case, the result coincides with Epstein--Shapiro's formula when the source $S$ and the receiver $R$ of the light ray are located at infinity. In addition, in the Schwarzschild--de Sitter case, there appear order $calO(Lambdam)$ terms in addition to the Schwarzschild-like part, while order $calO(Lambda)$ terms disappear.

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Cited in

(24)

• Simple considerations on the deflection angle of light in General Relativity
• Traversable wormhole solution with a background Kalb-Ramond field
• Schwarzschild-like black hole with a topological defect in bumblebee gravity
• Deflection of charged massive particles by a four-dimensional charged Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet black hole
• Geometrization of light bending and its application to SdS _w spacetime
• Total light bending in non-asymptotically flat black hole spacetimes
• Application of the Gauss-Bonnet theorem to lensing in the NUT metric
• Testing generalized Einstein-Cartan-Kibble-Sciama gravity using weak deflection angle and shadow cast
• Effect of the quintessential dark energy on weak deflection angle by Kerr-Newmann black hole
• Perturbative deflection angles of timelike rays
• Weak deflection angle by asymptotically flat black holes in Horndeski theory using Gauss–Bonnet theorem
• Testing new massive conformal gravity with the light deflection by black hole
• Über die Ablenkung des Lichtes im Schwarzschild-Raum
• Quantum effects on the deflection of light and the Gauss-Bonnet theorem
• Generalized Gibbons-Werner method for stationary spacetimes
• The optical geometry definition of the total deflection angle of a light ray in curved spacetime
• Weak deflection angle of light in two classes of black holes in nonlinear electrodynamics via Gauss-Bonnet theorem
• General relativistic aberration equation and measurable angle of light ray in Kerr spacetime
• Shadow cast and deflection angle of Kerr-Newman-Kasuya spacetime
• Perturbative deflection angle for signal with finite distance and general velocities
• A different method for calculation of the deflection angle of light passing close to a massive object by Fermat's principle
• Nonlinear electrodynamics effects on the black hole shadow, deflection angle, quasinormal modes and greybody factors
• Weak deflection angle by Casimir wormhole using Gauss-Bonnet theorem and its shadow
• Effect of Horndeski theory on weak deflection angle using the Gauss–Bonnet theorem

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