Light deflection and Gauss-Bonnet theorem: definition of total deflection angle and its applications

DOI10.1007/S10714-018-2368-2zbMATH Open1392.83007arXiv1708.04011OpenAlexW3102434794WikidataQ130012124 ScholiaQ130012124MaRDI QIDQ725360FDOQ725360

Authors: Hideyoshi Arakida 

Publication date: 1 August 2018

Published in: General Relativity and Gravitation (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In this paper, we re-examine the light deflection in the Schwarzschild and the Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime. First, supposing a static and spherically symmetric spacetime, we propose the definition of the total deflection angle $alpha$ of the light ray by constructing a quadrilateral $Sigm{a}^4$ on the optical reference geometry ${calM}^{mopt}$ determined by the optical metric $$. On the basis of the definition of the total deflection angle $alpha$ and the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, we derive two formulas to calculate the total deflection angle $alpha$; (i) the angular formula that uses four angles determined on the optical reference geometry ${calM}^{mopt}$ or the curved $(r,phi)$ subspace ${calM}^{msub}$ being a slice of constant time $t$ and (ii) the integral formula on the optical reference geometry ${calM}^{mopt}$ which is the areal integral of the Gaussian curvature $K$ in the area of a quadrilateral $Sigm{a}^4$ and the line integral of the geodesic curvature $kapp{a}_g$ along the curve $C_{Gamma}$. As the curve $C_{Gamma}$, we introduce the unperturbed reference line that is the null geodesic $Gamma$ on the background spacetime such as the Minkowski or the de Sitter spacetime, and is obtained by projecting $Gamma$ vertically onto the curved $(r,phi)$ subspace ${calM}^{msub}$. We demonstrate that the two formulas give the same total deflection angle $alpha$ for the Schwarzschild and the Schwarzschild--de Sitter spacetime. In particular, in the Schwarzschild case, the result coincides with Epstein--Shapiro's formula when the source $S$ and the receiver $R$ of the light ray are located at infinity. In addition, in the Schwarzschild--de Sitter case, there appear order $calO(Lambdam)$ terms in addition to the Schwarzschild-like part, while order $calO(Lambda)$ terms disappear.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.04011

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zbMATH Keywords

cosmological constantgravitationlight deflection

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Equations of motion in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C10) Applications of differential geometry to physics (53Z05) Black holes (83C57)

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Cited In (23)

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• Geometrization of light bending and its application to SdS _w spacetime
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• General relativistic aberration equation and measurable angle of light ray in Kerr spacetime
• Shadow cast and deflection angle of Kerr-Newman-Kasuya spacetime
• Weak deflection angle by Casimir wormhole using Gauss-Bonnet theorem and its shadow
• A different method for calculation of the deflection angle of light passing close to a massive object by Fermat's principle
• Testing new massive conformal gravity with the light deflection by black hole
• Nonlinear electrodynamics effects on the black hole shadow, deflection angle, quasinormal modes and greybody factors
• Total light bending in non-asymptotically flat black hole spacetimes
• Weak deflection angle by asymptotically flat black holes in Horndeski theory using Gauss–Bonnet theorem
• Effect of Horndeski theory on weak deflection angle using the Gauss–Bonnet theorem
• Quantum effects on the deflection of light and the Gauss-Bonnet theorem
• Testing generalized Einstein-Cartan-Kibble-Sciama gravity using weak deflection angle and shadow cast
• Perturbative deflection angle for signal with finite distance and general velocities
• Schwarzschild-like black hole with a topological defect in bumblebee gravity
• Perturbative deflection angles of timelike rays
• Effect of the quintessential dark energy on weak deflection angle by Kerr-Newmann black hole
• Weak deflection angle of light in two classes of black holes in nonlinear electrodynamics via Gauss-Bonnet theorem
• Über die Ablenkung des Lichtes im Schwarzschild-Raum
• Simple considerations on the deflection angle of light in General Relativity
• Deflection of charged massive particles by a four-dimensional charged Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet black hole

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