The B. and M. Shapiro conjecture in real algebraic geometry and the Bethe ansatz
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Publication:731203
DOI10.4007/ANNALS.2009.170.863zbMATH Open1213.14101arXivmath/0512299OpenAlexW1983221496WikidataQ56593988 ScholiaQ56593988MaRDI QIDQ731203FDOQ731203
Authors: E. Mukhin, Vitaly O. Tarasov, A. Varchenko 
Publication date: 2 October 2009
Published in: Annals of Mathematics. Second Series (Search for Journal in Brave)
Abstract: We prove the B. and M. Shapiro conjecture that says that if the Wronskian of a set of polynomials has real roots only, then the complex span of this set of polynomials has a basis consisting of polynomials with real coefficients. This in particular implies the following result: If all ramification points of a parametrized rational curve lie on a circle in the Riemann sphere , then maps this circle into a suitable real subspace . The proof is based on the Bethe ansatz method in the Gaudin model. The key observation is that a symmetric linear operator on a Euclidean space has a real spectrum. In Appendix we discuss properties of differential operators associated with Bethe vectors in the Gaudin model and, in particular, prove a conditional statement: we deduce the transversality of certain Schubert cycles in a Grassmannian from the simplicity of the spectrum of the Gaudin Hamiltonians.
Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0512299
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