Pointwise characterizations in generalized function algebras

DOI10.1007/S00605-008-0032-8MaRDI QIDQ735006zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 14 October 2009

Published in Monatshefte für Mathematik (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0712.3464

Colombeau generalized functions generalized points pointwise properties regularity

Miscellaneous topics in real functions (26E99) Generalized functions for nonlinear analysis (Rosinger, Colombeau, nonstandard, etc.) (46F30)

Abstract: We define the algebra of Colombeau generalized functions on the space of generalized points of {mathbb R}^d which naturally contains the tempered generalized functions. The subalgebra of mathscr{S}-regular generalized functions of this algebra is characterized by a pointwise property of the generalized functions and their Fourier transforms. We also characterize the equality in the sense of generalized tempered distributions for certain elements of this algebra (namely those with so-called slow scale support) by means of a pointwise property of their Fourier transforms. Further, we show that (contrary to what has been claimed in the literature) for an open subset Omega of {mathbb R}^d, the algebra of pointwise regular generalized functions dot{mathcal G}^infty(Omega) equals {mathcal G}^infty(Omega) and give several characterizations of pointwise {mathcal G}^infty-regular generalized functions.

Review text

In order to solve irregular linear and nonlinear problems, algebras of generalized functions have been developed during the last three decades. They contain, as embedded spaces, the usual spaces of distributions. For example, \(\mathcal{O}_{C}^{^{\prime}}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\), the space of rapidly decreasing distributions (resp., \(\mathcal{S}^{\prime}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\), the space of tempered distributions; \(\mathcal{D} ^{\prime}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\), the space of distributions) is embedded into \(\mathcal{G}_{\mathcal{S}}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\), the space of rapidly decreasing distributions (resp., \(\mathcal{G}_{\tau}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\), the space of tempered generalized functions; \(\mathcal{G}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\), the space of Colombeau generalized functions). Contrary to the case of distributions, no relation of inclusion exists between \(\mathcal{G}_{\mathcal{S}}(\mathbb{R} ^{d})\), \(\mathcal{G}_{\tau}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\) and \(\mathcal{G}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\). In order to circumvent this drawback, the author proposes a construction of the space of generalized functions on the space \(\widetilde{\mathbb{R}}^{d}\) of generalized points of \(\mathbb{R}^{d}\). (The set \(\widetilde{\mathbb{R}}^{d}\) is to \(\mathbb{R}^{d}\) what \(\mathcal{G}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\) is to \(C^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\).) The first result is that, as expected, \(\mathcal{G}_{\mathcal{S}}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\) and \(\mathcal{G} _{\tau}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\) are embedded into \(\mathcal{G(} \widetilde{\mathbb{R}}^{d})\) whereas \(\mathcal{G(}\widetilde{\mathbb{R}}^{d})\) can be seen as a subspace of \(\mathcal{G}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\). In addition, thanks to the use of generalized points, pointwise characterizations of properties of elements of \(\mathcal{G(}\widetilde{\mathbb{R}}^{d})\) are given. (For example: elements of \(\mathcal{G}_{\mathcal{S}}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\) and \(\mathcal{G}_{\tau}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\), considered as elements of \(\mathcal{G(}\widetilde{\mathbb{R}}^{d})\), can be characterized in such a way.) Further, some previous results of the literature concerning regular generalized functions are also corrected. In the whole, the paper proposes a new way to consider generalized functions which could influence deeply the theory during the forthcoming years.

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