Pointwise characterizations in generalized function algebras (Q735006)

In order to solve irregular linear and nonlinear problems, algebras of generalized functions have been developed during the last three decades. They contain, as embedded spaces, the usual spaces of distributions. For example, \(\mathcal{O}_{C}^{^{\prime}}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\), the space of rapidly decreasing distributions (resp., \(\mathcal{S}^{\prime}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\), the space of tempered distributions; \(\mathcal{D} ^{\prime}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\), the space of distributions) is embedded into \(\mathcal{G}_{\mathcal{S}}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\), the space of rapidly decreasing distributions (resp., \(\mathcal{G}_{\tau}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\), the space of tempered generalized functions; \(\mathcal{G}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\), the space of Colombeau generalized functions). Contrary to the case of distributions, no relation of inclusion exists between \(\mathcal{G}_{\mathcal{S}}(\mathbb{R} ^{d})\), \(\mathcal{G}_{\tau}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\) and \(\mathcal{G}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\). In order to circumvent this drawback, the author proposes a construction of the space of generalized functions on the space \(\widetilde{\mathbb{R}}^{d}\) of generalized points of \(\mathbb{R}^{d}\). (The set \(\widetilde{\mathbb{R}}^{d}\) is to \(\mathbb{R}^{d}\) what \(\mathcal{G}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\) is to \(C^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\).) The first result is that, as expected, \(\mathcal{G}_{\mathcal{S}}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\) and \(\mathcal{G} _{\tau}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\) are embedded into \(\mathcal{G(} \widetilde{\mathbb{R}}^{d})\) whereas \(\mathcal{G(}\widetilde{\mathbb{R}}^{d})\) can be seen as a subspace of \(\mathcal{G}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\). In addition, thanks to the use of generalized points, pointwise characterizations of properties of elements of \(\mathcal{G(}\widetilde{\mathbb{R}}^{d})\) are given. (For example: elements of \(\mathcal{G}_{\mathcal{S}}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\) and \(\mathcal{G}_{\tau}(\mathbb{R}^{d})\), considered as elements of \(\mathcal{G(}\widetilde{\mathbb{R}}^{d})\), can be characterized in such a way.) Further, some previous results of the literature concerning regular generalized functions are also corrected. In the whole, the paper proposes a new way to consider generalized functions which could influence deeply the theory during the forthcoming years.