Range-kernel characterizations of operators which are adjoint of each other

General (adjoints, conjugates, products, inverses, domains, ranges, etc.) (47A05) Linear relations (multivalued linear operators) (47A06) Operators on Hilbert spaces (general) (47B02) Linear symmetric and selfadjoint operators (unbounded) (47B25)

Abstract: We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for a pair

S, T

of Hilbert space operators in order that they satisfy

S^{*} = T

and

T^{*} = S

. As a main result we establish an improvement of von Neumann's classical theorem on the positive self-adjointness of

S^{*} S

for two variables. We also give some new characterizations of self-adjointness and skew-adjointness of operators, not requiring their symmetry or skew-symmetry, respectively.

Review text

Let \(H\) and \(K\) be two Hilbert spaces and let \(S:H\to K\) and \(T:K\to H\) be (not necessarily densely defined or closed) linear operators such that \[\operatorname{ran} (S\cap T^*)=KX\text{ and }\operatorname{ran}(T\cap S^*)=H.\] The authors prove that \(S\) and \(T\) are both densely defined operators such that \(S^*=T\) and \(T^*=S\). They also show that, if \(S\) is a densely defined operator, then the following statements are equivalent: (i) \(S\) is closed, (ii) \(S^*S\) and \(SS^*\) are self-adjoint operators, (iii) \(\operatorname{ran} (I+S^*S)=H\) and \(\operatorname{ran} (I+SS^*)=H\). The authors also generalize some analogous results from \textit{T. Nieminen} [Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., Ser. A I 316, 5 p. (1962; Zbl 0171.34502)] and \textit{M. Roman} and \textit{A. Sandovici} [Result. Math. 74, No. 2, Paper No. 73, 6 p. (2019; Zbl 1504.47010)] and give some characterizations of self-adjoint, skew-adjoint and unitary operators.

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