The structure of connected (graded) Hopf algebras

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2020.107292MaRDI QIDQ783206zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors D. Kharzeev

Publication date 11 August 2020

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.01918

zbMATH Keywords

Lyndon wordGelfand-Kirillov dimensionconnected Hopf algebraiterated Hopf Ore extension

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Graded rings and modules (associative rings and algebras) (16W50) Combinatorics on words (68R15) Growth rate, Gelfand-Kirillov dimension (16P90) Finite generation, finite presentability, normal forms (diamond lemma, term-rewriting) (16S15) Hopf algebras and their applications (16T05)

Abstract: In this paper, we establish a structure theorem for connected graded Hopf algebras over a field of characteristic $0$ by claiming the existence of a family of homogeneous generators and a total order on the index set that satisfy some desirable conditions. The approach to the structure theorem is constructive, based on the combinatorial properties of Lyndon words and the standard bracketing on words. As a surprising consequence of the structure theorem, we show that connected graded Hopf algebras of finite Gelfand-Kirillov dimension over a field of characteristic $0$ are all iterated Hopf Ore extensions of the base field. In addition, some keystone facts of connected Hopf algebras over a field of characteristic $0$ are observed as corollaries of the structure theorem, without the assumptions of having finite Gelfand-Kirillov dimension (or affineness) on Hopf algebras or of that the base field is algebraically closed.

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