The structure of connected (graded) Hopf algebras (Q783206)

A structure theorem is proved for graded and connected Hopf algebras over a field of characteristic zero: a set of generators of such a Hopf algebra \(H\) is constructed, providing a Poincaré-Birkhof-Witt basis of \(H\). Moreover, this set inherits a total order, compatible in some sense with the coproduct. It is also proved that the Gelfand-Kirilov dimension of \(H\) is the number of these generators. As a consequence, any such Hopf algebra can be decomposed as an iterated Ore extension of the base field. The (constructive) proof is based on the combinatorics of Lyndon words and the standard bracketing of words.