On the existence of small quasimultiples of affine and projective planes of arbitrary order

Combinatorial aspects of block designs (05B05) Combinatorial aspects of finite geometries (05B25) Finite affine and projective planes (geometric aspects) (51E15)

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Let a(n), respectively p(n) denote the minimal strictly positive integer for which there exists a \(2-(n^ 2,n,a(n))\), respectively, a \(2-n^ 2+n+1,n+1,p(n))\) design. Thus \(a(n)=p(n)=1\) if there exists a finite affine plane and (hence) a projective plane of order n. In the paper, information is presented on upper bounds for a(n) and p(n) for all \(n\leq 100\), for n of a special form (e.g., a(n), \(p(n)\leq n+2\) if n is even and n/2 is an odd prime power). The most general result is that, for n sufficiently large, a(n), \(p(n)\leq n^{29}\). It is a consequence of the (known) existence, for large n, of at least \(n^{1/14.8}\) mutually orthogonal Latin squares of order n.

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