On ring solutions of Beltrami equations

Quasiconformal mappings in the complex plane (30C62) Capacity and harmonic measure in the complex plane (30C85) Potentials and capacity, harmonic measure, extremal length and related notions in two dimensions (31A15)

Review text

Let \(D\) be a domain in the complex plane \(\mathbb{C}\) and \(\mu: D \to \mathbb{C}\) a measurable function with \(| \mu(z)| <1\) a.e. in \(D.\) The Beltrami equation is \[ f_{\overline{z}} = \mu f_z; \,\, f_{\overline{z}}=(f_x+if_y)/2, f_{{z}}=(f_x-if_y)/2\,. \] The maximal dilatation is \(K_{\mu}(z) = (1+| \mu(z)| )/(1-| \mu(z)| ).\) The equation is said to be degenerate if \(\mathrm{ess sup} \mu(z) =1 \,.\) In the non-degenerate case \(\mathrm{ess sup} \mu(z) <1 \,\) the theory of the Beltrami equation is well understood. The degenerate case has been studied by \textit{E. Reich, H. R. Walczak}, [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 117, 338--351 (1965; Zbl 0178.08301)], \textit{O. Lehto}, [Proc. 15th Scand. Congr. Oslo 1968, Lect. Notes Math. 118, 58--73 (1970; Zbl 0193.03703)] and recently by many other authors, in particular by \textit{M. A. Brakalova} and \textit{J. A. Jenkins}, [J. Anal. Math. 76, 67--92 (1998; Zbl 0921.30015)] and the present authors. It turns out that it is crucial in which way and in how large sets \(\mu(z)\) approaches \(1.\) This has been studied using instead of \(K_{\mu}(z) \) also other notions of dilatation. \textit{V. Gutlyanskii, O. Martio, T. Sugawa} and \textit{M. Vuorinen}, [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 357, No. 3, 875--900 (2005; Zbl 1066.30021)] used \[ D_{\mu,z_0}(z) ={\left| 1-\mu(z) {\bar z-\bar z_0\over z-z_0}\right| ^2\over 1-| \mu(z)| ^2} \] for this purpose. The present authors use not only this but several refined notions of dilatation and find thus a way of generalizing previous existence results for so called ring solutions of the Beltrami equation under various integrability conditions of the dilatation. An ACL map \(f\) is a ring solution if \(f^{-1} \in W_{loc}^{1,2} \) and for all annuli in \(D\) the capacity of the image is controlled in a certain way. There is a comprehensive survey of the Beltrami equation written by the two last named authors [Kühnau, R. (ed.), Handbook of complex analysis: geometric function theory. Volume 2. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North Holland, 555--597 (2005; Zbl 1078.30010)].

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