On unitary representability of topological groups

DOI10.1007/S00209-008-0461-ZMaRDI QIDQ834792zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 27 August 2009

Published in Mathematische Zeitschrift (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0607193, http://hdl.handle.net/10234/22885

\(\mathfrak{L}_\infty\)-Banach space free Abelian topological group free Banach space free locally convex space positive definite function Schwartz space unitarily representable unitary group

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Analysis on general topological groups (22A10) Positive definite functions on groups, semigroups, etc. (43A35) Normed linear spaces and Banach spaces; Banach lattices (46B99) Metric spaces, metrizability (54E35) Topological groups (topological aspects) (54H11)

Abstract: We prove that the additive group

(E^{a} s t, a u_{k} (E))

of an

m a t h s c r L_{i} n f t y

-Banach space

E

, with the topology

a u_{k} (E)

of uniform convergence on compact subsets of

E

, is topologically isomorphic to a subgroup of the unitary group of some Hilbert space (is emph{unitarily representable}). This is the same as proving that the topological group

(E^{a} s t, a u_{k} (E))

is uniformly homeomorphic to a subset of

e l l_{2}^{k} a p p a

for some

k a p p a

. As an immediate consequence, preduals of commutative von Neumann algebras or duals of commutative

C^{a} s t

-algebras are unitarily representable in the topology of uniform convergence on compact subsets. The unitary representability of free locally convex spaces (and thus of free Abelian topological groups) on compact spaces, follows as well. The above facts cannot be extended to noncommutative von Neumann algebras or general Schwartz spaces.

Review text

A topological group is said to be \textit{unitarily representable} if it can be embedded in the unitary group of a Hilbert space endowed with the strong operator topology. The family of unitarily representable groups contains the variety of nuclear groups [\textit{W. Banaszczyk}, Additive subgroups of topological vector spaces. Lecture Notes in Mathematics. 1466. Berlin etc.: Springer-Verlag (1991; Zbl 0743.46002)] and, in particular, locally compact Abelian groups. There is given a characterization of unitarily representable Abelian topological groups (Theorem 2.3): For an Abelian topological group \(G\) the following conditions are equivalent: (i) \(G\) is unitarily representable. \((ii)\) There is a uniform embedding of \(G\) into a power \((l_1)^k\) of the Banach space \(l_1\). \((iii)\) There is a uniform embedding of \(G\) into a power \((l_2)^k\) of the Banach space \(l_2\). It is proved (Theorem 3.3) that the dual group \(\widehat{E}=(E^\ast, \tau_k(E))\), where \(E\) is an \(\mathfrak{L}_\infty\)-space [\textit{Y. Benyamini} and \textit{J. Lindenstrauss}, Geometric nonlinear functional analysis, Volume I. Colloquium Publications. American Mathematical Society (AMS). 48. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS). (2000; Zbl 0946.46002)], \(E^\ast\) its dual and \(\tau_k(E)\) the topology of uniform convergence on compact subsets of \(E\), is unitarily representable. Let \(X\) be a compact space and \(M_c(X)\) the dual of \(C(X,\mathbb{R})\). Then the additive group of \(M_c(X)\), the free locally convex space \(L(X)\) and the free Abelian topological group \(A(X)\) are unitarily representable (Corollary 3.6). In the last, fourth section, the author discusses the ways in which the class of unitarily representable groups can be extended. In this context an example is produced of a Schwartz space which is not unitarily representable (Theorem 4.3).

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