Operator matrices in class C_

DOI10.1016/J.LAA.2006.08.001MaRDI QIDQ860997zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 9 January 2007

Published in Linear Algebra and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2006.08.001

\(\rho\)-kernel invariant subspaces operator matrices strict \(\rho\)-contraction

Norms of matrices, numerical range, applications of functional analysis to matrix theory (15A60) Numerical range, numerical radius (47A12) Invariant subspaces of linear operators (47A15) Dilations, extensions, compressions of linear operators (47A20)

Review text

A bounded linear operator \(T\) on the Hilbert space \(H\) is said to be a \(\rho\)-contraction \((\rho>0)\) if there exists a unitary operator \(U\) on a space \(K\) containing \(H\) such that \(T^n=\rho P_HU^n|H\) for all \(n\geq 1\), where \(P_H\) denotes the orthogonal projection from \(K\) onto \(H\). The class \({\mathcal C}_p\) of \(\rho\)-contractions was first introduced by Sz.-Nagy and Foias in the 1960s. The \(\rho\)-numerical radius of \(T\) is, by definition, \(w_\rho(T)=\inf\{r>0:T/r\in{\mathcal C}_\rho\}\). It is known that \(w_1(T)=\|T\|\), the operator norm of \(T\), and \(w(T)=w_2 (T)(=\sup\{\langle Tx,x\rangle:x\in H,\|x\|=1\})\), the numerical radius of \(T\). The main result of this paper, Theorem 1, gives necessary and sufficient conditions for \(T=\left[\begin{smallmatrix} T_1 & R\\ 0 & T_2 \end{smallmatrix} \right]\) to be in \({\mathcal C}_p\). For example, it is shown that this is the case if and only if \(T_1\) and \(T_2\) are in \({\mathcal C}_\rho\) and \(|\alpha|^2R^* L^\rho_\alpha(T_1)^{-1}R\leq L^\rho_{\overline \alpha}(T^*_2)\) for all \(\alpha\), \(|\alpha|\leq 1\), where \[ L^\rho_\alpha(A)=\rho I+(1-\rho)(\alpha A^*+\overline \alpha A)+ (\rho-2)|\alpha|^2AA^*. \] The latter is in turn equivalent to ``\(T_1\) and \(T_2\) are in \({\mathcal C}_\rho\) and for every \(\alpha\), \(|\alpha|\leq 1\), there exists an operator \(C_\alpha\) with \(\|C\|\leq 1\) such that \(|\alpha|R= L^\rho_\alpha(T_1)^{1/2}C_\alpha L^\rho_{\overline \alpha}(T^*_2)^{1/2}\). Such results recover the classical characterization of \(T=\left[\begin{smallmatrix} T_1 & R\\ 0 &T_2 \end{smallmatrix}\right]\) being a contraction. Among the various corollaries is the assertion that \(w\left(\left[ \begin{smallmatrix} T_1 & R\\ 0 &T_2 \end{smallmatrix}\right]\right)\leq 1\) if and only if \(w\left(\left[ \begin{smallmatrix} \text{Re}\,T_1 & R\\ 0 & \text{Re}\,T_2\end{smallmatrix} \right]\right)\leq 1\) and \(w\left(\left[\begin{smallmatrix} \text{Im}\,T_1 & R\\ 0 &\text{Im}\,T_2\end{smallmatrix} \right]\right)\leq 1\). In the final section, the authors illustrate these results by specializing them to the two-by-two matrix \(T=\left[\begin{smallmatrix} a & c\\ 0 & b \end{smallmatrix}\right]\).

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