On the distribution of the wave function for systems in thermal equilibrium
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Abstract: For a quantum system, a density matrix rho that is not pure can arise, via averaging, from a distribution mu of its wave function, a normalized vector belonging to its Hilbert space H. While rho itself does not determine a unique mu, additional facts, such as that the system has come to thermal equilibrium, might. It is thus not unreasonable to ask, which mu, if any, corresponds to a given thermodynamic ensemble? To answer this question we construct, for any given density matrix rho, a natural measure on the unit sphere in H, denoted GAP(rho). We do this using a suitable projection of the Gaussian measure on H with covariance rho. We establish some nice properties of GAP(rho) and show that this measure arises naturally when considering macroscopic systems. In particular, we argue that it is the most appropriate choice for systems in thermal equilibrium, described by the canonical ensemble density matrix rho_beta = (1/Z) exp(- beta H). GAP(rho) may also be relevant to quantum chaos and to the stochastic evolution of open quantum systems, where distributions on H are often used.
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Cites work
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(21)- Product of random states and spatial (half-)wormholes
- Equilibration of isolated macroscopic quantum systems
- Canonical thermalization
- Universal probability distribution for the wave function of a quantum system entangled with its environment
- Quantum fluctuation relations for ensembles of wave functions
- Typicality of pure states randomly sampled according to the Gaussian adjusted projected measure
- The Wigner function for thermal equilibrium
- Wormholes from averaging over states
- Elementary proof for asymptotics of large Haar-distributed unitary matrices
- Concentration of quantum equilibration and an estimate of the recurrence time
- Spin and the thermal equilibrium distribution of wave functions
- Thermal equilibrium distribution in infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces
- Matrix product states, random matrix theory and the principle of maximum entropy
- The quantum canonical ensemble
- On the statistics of quantum expectations for systems in thermal equilibrium
- Smoothness of wave functions in thermal equilibrium
- Coarse-graining and symplectic non-squeezing
- Deriving the distribution ofN-particle kinetic energies in a classical system
- Distribution of Equilibrium Free Energies in a Thermodynamic System with Broken Ergodicity
- Bohmian mechanics at space-time singularities. II: Spacelike singularities
- Many-body quantum systems. Abstracts from the workshop held September 10--15, 2023
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