Practical _0-stability of impulsive dynamic systems on time scales

Ordinary differential equations with impulses (34A37) Stability of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34D20) Additive difference equations (39A10)

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Traditionally, researchers have assumed that dynamical processes are either continuous or discrete and thus have employed either differential equations or difference equations, but in reality, many processes do feature both continuous and discrete elements. Thus, traditional mathematical modelling techniques, such as differential or difference equations, provide a limited understanding of these types of physical models and appears to be a case of modifying the assumptions on a physical problem to best fit the mathematics, rather than vice versa. In particular, certain economically important phenomena do not possess solely continuous properties or solely discrete aspects. Rather, these phenomena contain processes that feature elements of both the continuous and the discrete. A simple example of this hybrid continuous-discrete behaviour is seen in ``seasonally breeding populations in which generations do not overlap. Many natural populations, particularly among temperate-zone insects (including many economically important crop and orchid pests) are of this kind [\textit{M. R. May}, ``Simple mathematical models with very complicated dynamics, Nature 261, 459--467 (1976)]. The study of dynamic equations on times scales is undergoing rapid development as it simultaneously unifies and extends the study of differential equations in the continuous case and the study of finite difference equations in the discrete case. The theory of such time scales (or measure chains) was initiated by \textit{Stefan Hilger} [``Analysis on mesuare chains -- a unified approach to continuous and discrete calculus, Result. Math. 18, 18--56 (1990; Zbl 0722.39001)]; see also the books by \textit{M. Bohner} and \textit{A. Peterson} [Dynamic Equations on Time Scales: An Introduction with Applications. Birkhäuser, New York (2001; Zbl 0978.39001) or Advances in Dynamic Equations on Time Scales. Boston (2003; Zbl 1025.34001)]. This paper concerned with \(\phi_0\)-stability of impulsive dynamic equations with fixed moments \[ x^{\Delta}(t)=f(t,x) \;a.e. \;t\in\mathbb T, t\not=t_k, \] \[ x(t^+)=x(t)+I_k(x(t)),\;t=t_k,\;k=1,2,\ldots, \] \[ x(t_0^+)=x_0, \] and the dynamic systems \[ y^{\Delta}(t)=F(t,y) \;y(t_0)=x_0, \] where \(t_0<t_1<\ldots<t_k<\ldots\) and \(\lim_{k\to\infty}=\infty,\) \(f,F\in C_{rd}(\mathbb T\times\mathbb R^n,\mathbb R^n)\) is \(rd\)-continuous in \((t_{k-1},t_k]\times\mathbb R^n\) and for each \(x\in\mathbb R^n,\;k=1,2,\ldots,\;\lim_{(t,y)\to(t_k^+,x)}f(t,y)=f(t_k^+,x)\) and \(I_k\in C(\mathbb R^n,\mathbb R^n).\) By using the cone-valued Lyapunov method and variational Lyapunov method, the authors prove the practical \(\phi_0\)-stability of above problems. The results extend the notation of practical \(\phi_0\)-stability to impulsive dynamic equations.

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