Amenability, tubularity, and embeddings into R^

Abstract: Suppose

M

is a tracial von Neumann algebra embeddable into

m a t h c a l R^{o m e g a}

(the ultraproduct of the hyperfinite

I I_{1}

-factor) and

X

is an

n

-tuple of selfadjoint generators for

M

. Denote by

G a m m a (X; m, k, g a m m a)

the microstate space of

X

of order

(m, k, g a m m a)

. We say that

X

is tubular if for any

e p s i l o n > 0

there exist

m i n m a t h b b N

and

g a m m a > 0

such that if

(x_{1}, ..., x_{n}), (y_{1}, ..., y_{n}) i n G a m m a (X; m, k, g a m m a),

then there exists a

k i m e s k

unitary

u

satisfying

| u x_{i} u^{*} - y_{i} |_{2} < e p s i l o n

for each

1 l e q i l e q n .

We show that the following conditions are equivalent: 1)

M

is amenable (i.e., injective). 2)

X

is tubular; 3) Any two embeddings of

M

into

m a t h c a l R^{o m e g a}

are conjugate by a unitary u in

m a t h c a l R^{o m e g a}

.

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