Persistent topology is one of the main tools of topological data analysis. Its key idea is to study filtered spaces, classically pairs \((X, f)\) where \(X\) is a topological space and \(f:X\to \mathbb{R}\) is a filtering function, in the sense that the filtration is given by the sublevel sets \(f^{-1}\left( (-\infty, a]\right)\) for \(a\in \mathbb{R}\) [\textit{H. Edelsbrunner} and \textit{J. Harer}, Contemporary Mathematics 453, 257--282 (2008; Zbl 1145.55007)]. In shape recognition or retrieval it is essential to have distances; for pairs \((X, f)\), the first distance introduced was the \textit{natural pseudodistance}, defined already for \(n\)D valued functions \(f\) in [\textit{P. Frosini} and \textit{M. Mulazzani}, Bull. Belg. Math. Soc. Simon Stevin 6, No. 3, 455--464 (1999; Zbl 0937.55010)]. Soon enough, the attention focused on the \textit{persistence module}, a powerful descriptor of such pairs: It is a collection of vector spaces, indexed by the range of \(f\), classically obtained as images of the homology modules under the homorphisms induced by the inclusions of sublevel sets [\textit{A. Zomorodian} and \textit{G. Carlsson}, Discrete Comput. Geom. 33, No. 2, 249--274 (2005; Zbl 1069.55003)]. (But equivalent pairs may fail to be distinguished by their persistence modules: [\textit{F. Cagliari} et al., in: M. Ferri (ed.) et al., Computational topology in image context. 4th international workshop, CTIC 2012, Bertinoro, Italy, May 28--30, 2012. Proceedings. Berlin: Springer. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 7309, 148--156 (2012; Zbl 1357.68262)].) A distance between persistence modules was then introduced in [\textit{F. Chazal} et al., Proc. of the 25th annual symposium on Computational geometry, ACM, 237--246 (2009)] and extended to multidimensional indexing in [\textit{M. Lesnick}, Found. Comput. Math. 15, No. 3, 613--650 (2015; Zbl 1335.55006)]: the \textit{interleaving distance}. Categorification of the process -- started \textit{ante litteram} in [\textit{F. Cagliari} et al., Acta Appl. Math. 67, No.3, 225--235 (2001; Zbl 0995.68098)] -- has been performed systematically in [\textit{P. Bubenik} and \textit{J. A. Scott}, Discrete Comput. Geom. 51, No. 3, 600--627 (2014; Zbl 1295.55005)]. The present article completes the project in two directions: First, it extends the indexing to any preordered set. Second, it develops a full theory of the interleaving distance. Keystone of the paper is the notion of \textit{translation} in a preordered set; the notions of \textit{sublinear projection} and of \textit{superlinear family} provide the connection with the classic interleaving distance. The metric setting is as wide as the one of \textit{Lawvere metrics} (no symmetry required, distinct objects may have zero distance). It might seem that the authors have lost sight of the original object of persistence, plunging in a totally formal setting, but this is not the case: Section 4.3, \textit{Inverse-Image Persistence Theories}, is devoted to recover most flavours of the current topological persistence as particular cases. Stability is also treated in a general way. All in all, this paper gives the (presently?) most general and most powerful setting for dealing with distances of persistence modules.
- Topological spaces of persistence modules and their properties
- Rank-based persistence
- Categorification of persistent homology
- Erosion distance for generalized persistence modules
- The theory of the interleaving distance on multidimensional persistence modules
- Computational complexity of the interleaving distance
- Generalized persistence diagrams for persistence modules over posets
- The structure and stability of persistence modules
- Rectification of interleavings and a persistent Whitehead theorem
- Higher interpolation and extension for persistence modules
- Categorification of persistent homology
- Computing persistent homology
- Continuous Lattices and Domains
- Extending persistence using Poincaré and Lefschetz duality
- Homology and robustness of level and interlevel sets
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- Measuring the distance between merge trees
- Persistent homology for kernels, images, and cokernels
- Proximity of persistence modules and their diagrams
- Stability of persistence diagrams
- Stable comparison of multidimensional persistent homology groups with torsion
- The structure and stability of persistence modules
- The theory of multidimensional persistence
- The theory of the interleaving distance on multidimensional persistence modules
- Topological persistence and simplification
- Topological persistence for circle-valued maps
- Topology of angle valued maps, bar codes and Jordan blocks
- Zigzag persistence
- Zigzag persistent homology and real-valued functions
- Generalized persistence diagrams
- Algebraic stability of zigzag persistence modules
- Multidimensional persistence and noise
- Čech closure spaces: a unified framework for discrete and continuous homotopy
- Homological algebra for persistence modules
- Graded persistence diagrams and persistence landscapes
- Local versus global distances for zigzag and multi-parameter persistence modules
- Decorated merge trees for persistent topology
- Universality of persistence diagrams and the bottleneck and Wasserstein distances
- On \(p\)-metric spaces and the \(p\)-Gromov-Hausdorff distance
- Nori diagrams and persistent homology
- Connectedness and Lusternik-Schnirelmann categories of the spaces of persistence modules
- Tree decomposition of Reeb graphs, parametrized complexity, and applications to phylogenetics
- Evolutionary homology on coupled dynamical systems with applications to protein flexibility analysis
- Spatiotemporal persistent homology for dynamic metric spaces
- Improved approximate Rips filtrations with shifted integer lattices and cubical complexes
- Categorification of persistent homology
- Rips filtrations for quasimetric spaces and asymmetric functions with stability results
- Erosion distance for generalized persistence modules
- The representation theorem of persistence revisited and generalized
- Persistent homology and microlocal sheaf theory
- Topological spaces of persistence modules and their properties
- The fiber of the persistence map for functions on the interval
- Sparse Dowker nerves
- A comparison framework for interleaved persistence modules
- The reflection distance between zigzag persistence modules
- The persistent homotopy type distance
- The theory of the interleaving distance on multidimensional persistence modules
- \(A_\infty\) persistent homology estimates detailed topology from pointcloud datasets
- Categorified Reeb graphs
- Theory of interleavings on categories with a flow
- Persistence stability for geometric complexes
- Topological data analysis and cosheaves
- Multiparameter Persistence Landscapes
- Bottleneck stability for generalized persistence diagrams
- Improved approximate Rips filtrations with shifted integer lattices
- Computational complexity of the interleaving distance
- Persistence diagrams as diagrams: a categorification of the stability theorem
- Geometry in the space of persistence modules
- Metrics and Stabilization in One Parameter Persistence
- Rank-based persistence
- On the hierarchy of d-structures
- Higher interpolation and extension for persistence modules
- Weighted persistent homology
- Interleavings and matchings as representations
- Universality of the homotopy interleaving distance
- Thickening of the diagonal and interleaving distance
- Exact weights, path metrics, and algebraic Wasserstein distances
- Multiparameter persistent homology via generalized Morse theory
- Interleaving by parts: join decompositions of interleavings and join-assemblage of geodesics
- Computing the homology functor on semi-algebraic maps and diagrams
- Universal distances for extended persistence
- Homotopy, homology, and persistent homology using closure spaces
- The shift-dimension of multipersistence modules
- Hochschild homology, and a persistent approach via connectivity digraphs
- Persistent homology of partially ordered spaces
- Interleaving distances, monoidal actions and 2-categories
- Stability and extension of steady and ranging persistence
- Tagged barcodes for the topological analysis of gradient-like vector fields
- Bounding the interleaving distance for mapper graphs with a loss function
- On metrics for analysis of functional data on geometric domains
- Intrinsic interleaving distance for merge trees
- Algebraic Wasserstein distances and stable homological invariants of data
- Directed homology and persistence modules
- Combinatorial topological models for phylogenetic networks and the mergegram invariant
- Monoidal Rips: stable multiparameter filtrations of directed networks
- Ephemeral modules and Scott sheaves on a continuous poset
- A theory of sub-barcodes
- On _p-Vietoris-Rips complexes
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