Monads and distributive laws for Rota-Baxter and differential algebras

DOI10.1016/J.AAM.2015.09.014MaRDI QIDQ895973zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Shilong Zhang, Li Guo, William F. Keigher

Publication date 11 December 2015

Published in Advances in Applied Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.8058

comonad differential algebra differential Rota-Baxter algebra distributive law lawvere theories monad Rota-Baxter algebra

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Differential algebra (12H05) Differential algebra (13Nxx) Associative rings and algebras with additional structure (16W99) Monads (= standard construction, triple or triad), algebras for monads, homology and derived functors for monads (18C15) Eilenberg-Moore and Kleisli constructions for monads (18C20)

Abstract: In recent years, algebraic studies of the differential calculus and integral calculus in the forms of differential algebra and Rota-Baxter algebra have been merged together to reflect the close relationship between the two calculi through the First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. In this paper we study this relationship from a categorical point of view in the context of distributive laws which can be tracked back to the distributive law of multiplication over addition. The monad giving Rota-Baxter algebras and the comonad giving differential algebras are constructed. Then a mixed distributive law of the monad over the comonad is established. As a consequence, we obtain monads and comonads giving the composite structures of differential and Rota-Baxter algebras.

Review text

The paper under review studies monads and comonads arising from Rota-Baxter algebras, differential algebras and differential Rota-Baxter algebras. While differential algebra reflects an abstract approach to the study of differential equations, a Rota-Baxter algebra is an algebraic abstraction of integration: a Rota-Baxter algebra of weight \(\lambda\) is a pair \((R, P)\) where \(R\) is an algebra over a fixed commutative ring \(\mathbf k\) and \(P\) is a \(\mathbf k\)-linear endomorphism (``Rota-Baxter operator) of \(R\) such that \(P(x)P(y) = P(xP(y)) + P(yP(x)) + \lambda P(xy)\) for any \(x, y\in R\). In this paper the authors construct the monad giving Rota-Baxter algebras and comonad giving differential algebras. They also justify the interaction of the Rota-Baxter operator and the differential operator from a categorial point of view by providing a mixed distributive law between the monad and comonad giving these two operators. The last part of the work shows that this mixed distributive law, as well as the monads and comonads, provides equivalent descriptions of the objects in the category of differential Rota-Baxter algebras. (A differential Rota-Baxter algebra of weight \(\lambda\) is a triple \((R, P, d)\) such that \((R,P)\) is Rota-Baxter algebra of weight \(\lambda\), \((R, P)\) is differential algebra of weight \(\lambda\) (where \(d\) is a \(\lambda\)-derivation, that is, a module \(\mathbf k\)-endomorphism of \(R\) such that \(d(xy) = d(x)y + xd(y) + \lambda d(x)d(y)\) for all \(x, y\in R\)), and \(d\circ P = id_{R}\).) The authors also give an illustrating example considering the algebra of infinitely differentiable functions \(C^\infty(\mathbb R)\) that can be treated (because of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus) as a differential Rota-Baxter algebra.

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