Lower bounds for ballistic current and noise in non-equilibrium quantum steady states

DOI10.1016/J.NUCLPHYSB.2015.01.007zbMATH Open1328.82042arXiv1410.0292OpenAlexW2074496964MaRDI QIDQ901986FDOQ901986

Authors: Benjamin Doyon 

Publication date: 6 January 2016

Published in: Nuclear Physics B (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Let an infinite, homogeneous, many-body quantum system be unitarily evolved for a long time from a state where two halves are independently thermalized. One says that a non-equilibrium steady state emerges if there are nonzero steady currents in the central region. In particular, their presence is a signature of ballistic transport. We analyze the consequences of the current observable being a conserved density; near equilibrium this is known to give rise to linear wave propagation and a nonzero Drude peak. Using the Lieb-Robinson bound, we derive, under a certain regularity condition, a lower bound for the non-equilibrium steady-state current determined by equilibrium averages. This shows and quantifies the presence of ballistic transport far from equilibrium. The inequality suggests the definition of "nonlinear sound velocities", which specialize to the sound velocity near equilibrium in non-integrable models, and "generalized sound velocities", which encode generalized Gibbs thermalization in integrable models. These are bounded by the Lieb-Robinson velocity. The inequality also gives rise to a bound on the energy current noise in the case of pure energy transport. We show that the inequality is satisfied in many models where exact results are available, and that it is saturated at one-dimensional criticality.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1410.0292

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zbMATH Keywords

Lieb-Robinson boundDrude peak

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Dynamic critical phenomena in statistical mechanics (82C27) Irreversible thermodynamics, including Onsager-Machlup theory (82C35) Transport processes in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C70)

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Cited In (11)

• Hydrodynamics of massless integrable RG flows and a non-equilibrium c-theorem
• Nonequilibrium transport through quantum-wire junctions and boundary defects for free massless bosonic fields
• A hydrodynamic approach to non-equilibrium conformal field theories
• Dynamics of hard rods with initial domain wall state
• Quench dynamics and relaxation in isolated integrable quantum spin chains
• Analysis of the conditional mutual information in ballistic and diffusive non-equilibrium steady-states
• Conformal field theory out of equilibrium: a review
• Generalized-hydrodynamic approach to inhomogeneous quenches: correlations, entanglement and quantum effects
• Interplay between transport and quantum coherences in free fermionic systems
• Entanglement negativity and entropy in non-equilibrium conformal field theory
• On optimal currents of indistinguishable particles

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