Two results on homogeneous Hessian nilpotent polynomials

Abstract: Let

z = (z_{1}, ..., z_{n})

and

D e l t a = s u m_{i = 1}^{n} f r a c p a r t i a l^{2} p a r t i a l z_{i}^{2}

the Laplace operator. A formal power series

P (z)

is said to be {it Hessian Nilpotent}(HN) if its Hessian matrix

H e s P (z) = (f r a c p a r t i a l^{2} P p a r t i a l z_{i} p a r t i a l z_{j})

is nilpotent. In recent developments in [BE1], [M] and [Z], the Jacobian conjecture has been reduced to the following so-called {it vanishing conjecture}(VC) of HN polynomials: {it for any homogeneous HN polynomial

P (z)

(

of degree

d = 4

)

, we have

D e l t a^{m} P^{m + 1} (z) = 0

for any

m > > 0

.} In this paper, we first show that, the VC holds for any homogeneous HN polynomial

P (z)

provided that the projective subvarieties

{m a t h c a l Z}_{P}

and

{m a t h c a l Z}_{s i g m a_{2}}

of

m a t h b b C P^{n - 1}

determined by the principal ideals generated by

P (z)

and

s i g m a_{2} (z) := s u m_{i = 1}^{n} z_{i}^{2}

, respectively, intersect only at regular points of

{m a t h c a l Z}_{P}

. Consequently, the Jacobian conjecture holds for the symmetric polynomial maps

F = z - a b l a P

with

P (z)

HN if

F

has no non-zero fixed point

w i n m a t h b b C^{n}

with

s u m_{i = 1}^{n} w_{i}^{2} = 0

. Secondly, we show that the VC holds for a HN formal power series

P (z)

if and only if, for any polynomial

f (z)

,

D e l t a^{m} (f (z) P (z)^{m}) = 0

when

m > > 0

.

Review text

A formal power series \(P(z_{1},\ldots ,z_{n})\) is said to be Hessian Nilpotent (HN)\ if its Hessian matrix \(\left( \frac{\partial ^{2}P}{\partial z_{i}\partial z_{j}}\right) _{i,j}\) is nilpotent. By the result of \textit{W. Zhao} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 359, 249--274 (2007; Zbl 1109.14041)] the Jacobian Conjecture has been reduced to the following Vanishing Conjecture: (VC) For any homogeneous HN polynomial \(P\) of degree \(4\) we have \(\Delta ^{m}(P^{m+1})=0\) for \(m\gg 0\) (\(\Delta =\sum \frac{\partial ^{2}}{\partial z_{i}^{2}}\) is the Laplace operator). The authors prove: 1. (VC)\ holds for homogeneous HN polynomial \(P\) of degree \(d\geq 4\) provided that two projective varietes \(V(P),V(\sum z_{i}^{2})\subset \mathbb{ CP}^{n-1}\) intersects only at regular points of \(V(P).\) 2. (VC)\ holds for any HN polynomial \(P\) if and only if for any polynomial \( f(z_{1},\ldots ,z_{n})\) we have \(\Delta ^{m}(fP^{m+1})=0\) for \(m\gg 0\).

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