Higher rank numerical ranges and low rank perturbations of quantum channels

DOI10.1016/J.JMAA.2008.08.016MaRDI QIDQ950478zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Chi-Kwong Li, Yiu-Tung Poon, Nung-Sing Sze

Publication date 22 October 2008

Published in Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0710.2898

zbMATH Keywords

Hilbert spacequantum channelsbounded linear operatorsquantum error correcting codeshigher rank numerical range

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum computation (81P68) Perturbation theory of linear operators (47A55) Numerical range, numerical radius (47A12)

Abstract: For a positive integer $k$, the rank-$k$ numerical range $Lambd{a}_k(A)$ of an operator $A$ acting on a Hilbert space $cH$ of dimension at least $k$ is the set of scalars $lambda$ such that $PAP=lambdaP$ for some rank $k$ orthogonal projection $P$. In this paper, a close connection between low rank perturbation of an operator $A$ and $Lambd{a}_k(A)$ is established. In particular, for $1ler<k$ it is shown that $Lambd{a}_k(A)subseteqLambd{a}_{k-r}(A+F)$ for any operator $F$ with $ank(F)ler$. In quantum computing, this result implies that a quantum channel with a $k$-dimensional error correcting code under a perturbation of rank $ler$ will still have a $(k-r)$-dimensional error correcting code. Moreover, it is shown that if $A$ is normal or if the dimension of $A$ is finite, then $Lambd{a}_k(A)$ can be obtained as the intersection of $Lambd{a}_{k-r}(A+F)$ for a collection of rank $r$ operators $F$. Examples are given to show that the result fails if $A$ is a general operator. The closure and the interior of the convex set $Lambd{a}_k(A)$ are completely determined. Analogous results are obtained for $Lambd{a}_{i}nfty(A)$ defined as the set of scalars $lambda$ such that $PAP=lambdaP$ for an infinite rank orthogonal projection $P$. It is shown that $Lambd{a}_{i}nfty(A)$ is the intersection of all $Lambd{a}_k(A)$ for $k=1,2,>\mathrm{...}$. If $A-muI$ is not compact for any $muinIC$, then the closure and the interior of $Lambd{a}_{i}nfty(A)$ coincide with those of the essential numerical range of $A$. The situation for the special case when $A-muI$ is compact for some $muinIC$ is also studied.

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Cited in

(26)

• Multiplicative maps preserving the higher rank numerical ranges and radii
• Projection methods for quantum channel construction
• An elementary constructive approach to the higher-rank numerical ranges of unitary matrices and quantum error-correcting codes
• Numerical Ranges of Operators and Matrices
• On the mixed-unitary rank of quantum channels
• The joint numerical radius on \(C^*\)-algebras
• Generalized numerical ranges and quantum error correction
• Isoclinic subspaces and quantum error correction
• Joint numerical ranges and compressions of powers of operators
• Protected subspaces in quantum information
• Higher rank matricial ranges and hybrid quantum error correction
• Generalized numerical ranges, dilation, and quantum error correction
• Product of operators and numerical range
• Spectra, norms and numerical ranges of generalized quadratic operators
• Bounds on polygons of higher rank numerical ranges
• Private quantum codes: introduction and connection with higher rank numerical ranges
• Generalized joint higher-rank numerical range
• Linear preservers of higher rank numerical ranges and radii
• RelativeC-numerical ranges for applications in quantum control and quantum information
• Equality of higher-rank numerical ranges of matrices
• The significance of theC-numerical range and the localC-numerical range in quantum control and quantum information
• Higher rank numerical ranges of normal operators and unitary dilations
• Research problems on numerical ranges in quantum computing
• Generalized Halmos conjectures and constrained unitary dilations
• Canonical forms, higher rank numerical ranges, totally isotropic subspaces, and matrix equations
• Inequalities for operator space numerical radius of \(2 \times 2\) block matrices

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