Simple graded commutative algebras.

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Publication:961020



Abstract: We study the notion of Gamma-graded commutative algebra for an arbitrary abelian group Gamma. The main examples are the Clifford algebras already treated by Albuquerque and Majid. We prove that the Clifford algebras are the only simple finite-dimensional associative graded commutative algebras over mathbbR or mathbbC. Our approach also leads to non-associative graded commutative algebras extending the Clifford algebras.


Let \(\Gamma\) be an Abelian group endowed with a biadditive map \(\langle\cdot\mid\cdot\rangle\colon\Gamma\times\Gamma\to\mathbb Z_2\). An algebra \(\mathcal A\) is defined to be \(\Gamma\)-commutative if \(\mathcal A\) is \(\Gamma\)-graded: \(\mathcal A=\bigoplus_{\gamma\in\Gamma}\mathcal A_\gamma\) with \(\mathcal A_\gamma\mathcal A_{\gamma'}\subseteq\mathcal A_{\gamma+\gamma'}\) for any \(\gamma,\gamma'\in\Gamma\), and for any homogeneous elements \(a\in\mathcal A_\gamma\), \(b\in\mathcal A_{\gamma'}\), \(ab=(-1)^{\langle\gamma\mid\gamma'\rangle}ba\). The first main result asserts that if \(\mathcal A\) is a \(\Gamma\)-commutative algebra and \(\Gamma\) is finitely generated, then \(\Gamma\) and \(\langle\cdot\mid\cdot\rangle\) can be substituted by \(\mathbb Z_2^n\), for some \(n\) and the standard ``inner product. Thus, for instance, the classical real division algebra of quaternions \(\mathbb H\) is \(\mathbb Z_2^3\)-commutative with \(\deg(i)=(\overline 1,\overline 0,\overline 1)\), \(\deg(j)=(\overline 0,\overline 1,\overline 1)\) and \(\deg(k)=(\overline 1,\overline 1,\overline 0)\). (Note that \(\mathbb H\) is naturally \(\mathbb Z_2^2\)-graded, but then the inner product on \(\mathbb Z_2^2\) does not work.) The second main result asserts that over \(\mathbb R\) or \(\mathbb C\), the only simple finite-dimensional associative and graded-commutative algebras are the Clifford algebras. Some nonassociative extensions are considered, too, where the so called \textit{tiny Kaplansky superalgebra} plays a key role. This is a nonunital three-dimensional simple Jordan superalgebra.











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