Periodic positive solution to a class of singular second-order ordinary differential equations

Singular nonlinear boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B16) Positive solutions to nonlinear boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B18) Applications of operator theory to differential and integral equations (47N20)

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This paper presents an existence result guaranteeing a positive solution to the periodic boundary value problem \[ u(t)+\lambda(t)u(t)=f(t,u(t)),\;\;0<t<2\pi,\;\; u(0)=u(2\pi),\;u'(0)=u'(2\pi), \] singular at \(t=0,\;t=2\pi\) and \(u=0\); here, the functions \(\lambda:(0,2\pi)\to[0,+\infty)\) and \(f:(0,2\pi)\times(0,+\infty)\to[0,+\infty)\) are continuous. The basic assumptions on the main nonlinearity \(f\) are: for each pair of positive different numbers \(r_1\) and \(r_2\), there exists a non-negative function \(h_{r_1}^{r_2}\in L^1[0,2\pi]\cap C(0,2\pi)\) such that \(f(t,u)\leq h_{r_1}^{r_2}(t)\) for \((t,u)\in(0,2\pi)\times[r_1,r_2]\) and there exist non-negative functions \(j_i\in L^1[0,2\pi]\) and constants \(c_i,\;i=1,2,\) such that \(c_1>0,\;c_2<\infty\) and \(f(t,u)/u\leq j_i(u)\) for \((t,u)\in[0,2\pi]\times U_i,\; i=1,2,\) where \(U_1=(0,c_1]\) and \(U_2=[c_2,+\infty)\). It is also assumed that \(u(t)\equiv0,\;t\in[0,2\pi],\) is the unique solution to the homogeneous periodic BVP \[ u(t)+\lambda(t)u(t)=0,\;\;0<t<2\pi,\;\; u(0)=u(2\pi),\;u'(0)=u'(2\pi). \] The Guo-Krasnosel'skii fixed point theorem in cones is used in the proof of the main existence result.

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