The growth of the infinite long-range percolation cluster

Abstract: We consider long-range percolation on

m a t h b b Z^{d}

, where the probability that two vertices at distance

r

are connected by an edge is given by

p (r) = 1 - e x p [- l a m b d a (r)] i n (0, 1)

and the presence or absence of different edges are independent. Here,

l a m b d a (r)

is a strictly positive, nonincreasing, regularly varying function. We investigate the asymptotic growth of the size of the

k

-ball around the origin,

| m a t h c a l B_{k} |

, that is, the number of vertices that are within graph-distance

k

of the origin, for

k o i n f t y

, for different

l a m b d a (r)

. We show that conditioned on the origin being in the (unique) infinite cluster, nonempty classes of nonincreasing regularly varying

l a m b d a (r)

exist, for which, respectively:

| m a t h c a l B_{k} |^{1 / k} o i n f t y

almost surely;

there exist

1 < a_{1} < a_{2} < i n f t y

such that

l i m_{k o i n f t y} m a t h b b P (a_{1} < | m a t h c a l B_{k} |^{1 / k} < a_{2}) = 1

;

| m a t h c a l B_{k} |^{1 / k} o 1

almost surely. This result can be applied to spatial SIR epidemics. In particular, regimes are identified for which the basic reproduction number,

R_{0}

, which is an important quantity for epidemics in unstructured populations, has a useful counterpart in spatial epidemics.

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