Quadratic solutions of quadratic forms

DOI10.1090/CONM/712/14348MaRDI QIDQ4686853zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors János Kollár

Publication date 10 October 2018

Published in Local and Global Methods in Algebraic Geometry (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.01276

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quadratic forms over general fields (11E04) Rational points (14G05) Rational and ruled surfaces (14J26) Hypersurfaces and algebraic geometry (14J70) Classical problems, Schubert calculus (14N15) Real algebraic sets (14P05)

Abstract: We study solutions of a homogeneous quadratic equation $q(x_0,dots,x_n)=0$, defined over a field $K$, where the $x_i$ are themselves homogeneous polynomials of some degree $d$ in $r+1$ variables. Equivalently, we are looking at rational maps from projective $r$-space $P^r$ to a quadric hypersurface $Q$, defined over a field $K$. The space of maps of $P^1$ to a quadric $Q$ is stably birational to $Q$ if $d$ is even and to the orthogonal Grassmannian of lines in $Q$ if $d$ is odd. Most of the paper is devoted to obtaining similar descriptions for the spaces parametrizing maps of $P^2$ to quadrics, given by degree 2 polynomials. The most interesting case is 4-dimensional quadrics when there are 5 irreducible components. The methods are mostly classical, involving the Veronese surface, its equations and projections. In the real case, these results provide some of the last steps of a project, started by Kummer and Darboux, to describe all surfaces that contain at least 2 circles through every point.

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