Quantifiers and congruence closure

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The authors investigate the expressive power of quantifiers on finite structures. They introduce the notion of bounded quantifiers and show that each relativizing quantifier which is bounded is first-order definable. They define meager quantifiers and show that no proper extension of first-order logic by means of meager quantifiers is weakly congruence-closed. They investigate the full congruence closure property and show that it fails in proper extensions of first-order logics by means of meager quantifiers, monadic quantifiers, and the Härtig quantifier.











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