Quantum teardrops

DOI10.1007/S00220-012-1580-2MaRDI QIDQ1759444zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Tomasz Brzeziński, Simon A. Fairfax

Publication date 20 November 2012

Published in Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1107.1417

\(K\)-group Chern character comodule algebra cyclic cocycle Fredholm module quantum group quantum lens space quantum line bundle quantum principal bundle quantum teardrop quantum weighted projective line quantum weighted projective space teardrop orbifold

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Noncommutative differential geometry (46L87) Geometry of quantum groups (58B32) Noncommutative geometry (à la Connes) (58B34) Quantum groups and related algebraic methods applied to problems in quantum theory (81R50)

Abstract: Algebras of functions on quantum weighted projective spaces are introduced, and the structure of quantum weighted projective lines or quantum teardrops are described in detail. In particular the presentation of the coordinate algebra of the quantum teardrop in terms of generators and relations and classification of irreducible *-representations are derived. The algebras are then analysed from the point of view of Hopf-Galois theory or the theory of quantum principal bundles. Fredholm modules and associated traces are constructed. C*-algebras of continuous functions on quantum weighted projective lines are described and their K-groups computed.

Review text

The authors study quantum weighted projective lines, a natural quantum version of the teardrop orbifolds studied by Thurston, and certain quantum bundles over them. Recall that for a given coaction \(\Delta_{R}:\mathcal{O}\left( X_{q}\right) \rightarrow\mathcal{O}\left( X_{q}\right) \otimes \mathcal{O}\left( H_{q}\right) \) of a compact quantum group \(H_{q}\) on a compact quantum space \(X_{q}\), the coinvariant *-subalgebra \[ \mathcal{O} \left( X_{q}/H_{q}\right) :=\left\{ x\in\mathcal{O}\left( X_{q}\right) :\Delta_{R}\left( x\right) =x\otimes1\right\} \] `defines' a quantum quotient space\ \(X_{q}/H_{q}\), where \(\mathcal{O}\left( Q\right) \) denotes the coordinate algebra of a space-like quantum (imaginary) object \(Q\). For pairwise coprime numbers \(l_{0} ,\dots,l_{n}\in\mathbb{N}\), the quantum weighted complex projective space \(WP_{q}\left( l_{0},\dots,l_{n}\right) \) is the quantum quotient space defined by the coaction \(z_{i}\mapsto z_{i}\otimes u^{l_{i}}\) of the quantum (also classical) group \[ \mathcal{O}\left( U\left( 1\right) _{q}\right) \equiv\mathcal{O}\left( U\left( 1\right) \right) =\mathbb{C}\left[ u,u^{\ast}\right] \] on the standard quantum odd-dimensional sphere \(\mathcal{O}\left( S_{q}^{2n+1}\right) \) generated by noncommuting coordinates \(z_{i}\) with \(i=0,\dots,n\). For \(l_{0}=\dots=l_{n}=1\), we get the quantum complex projective space \(\mathbb{CP}_{q}^{n}=WP_{q}\left( 1,\dots,1\right) \), and for \(n=1\), we get quantum weighted projective lines \(WP_{q}\left( k,l\right) \), called quantum teardrops, where \(k,l\) are coprime. In this paper, \(\mathcal{O}\left( WP_{q}\left( k,l\right) \right) \) is first identified as the (unital) *-subalgebra of \(\mathcal{O}\left( S_{q} ^{3}\right) \equiv\mathcal{O}\left( SU_{q}\left( 2\right) \right) \) generated by \(a:=\beta\beta^{\ast}\) and \(b:=\alpha^{l}\beta^{k}\), where \(\alpha\equiv z_{0}\) and \(\beta\equiv z_{1}^{\ast}\) are the standard generators of \(\mathcal{O}\left( SU_{q}\left( 2\right) \right) \), and as the universal *-algebra with two generators \(a,b\) subject to some concrete relations. All bounded irreducible *-representations of \(\mathcal{O}\left( WP_{q}\left( k,l\right) \right) \) are classified and related to the well-known canonical representation of \(\mathcal{O}\left( S_{q}^{3}\right) \). It is shown that \(S_{q}^{3}\) is a quantum principal \(U\left( 1\right) \)-bundle over \(WP_{q}\left( k,l\right) \), or more precisely, the algebra \(\mathcal{O}\left( S_{q}^{3}\right) \) is a principal \(\mathcal{O}\left( U\left( 1\right) _{q}\right) \)-comodule algebra over \(\mathcal{O}\left( WP_{q}\left( k,l\right) \right) \) if and only if \(k=l=1\). On the other hand, it is found that the quantum lens space \(L_{q}\left( l;1,l\right) \) is a quantum principal \(U\left( 1\right) \)-bundle over \(WP_{q}\left( 1,l\right) \), where \(L_{q}\left( l;1,l\right) \) is the quantum quotient space defined by the coaction \(\rho\) of the quantum (also classical) cyclic group \(\mathcal{O}\left( \mathbb{Z}_{l}\right) \) on \(\mathcal{O}\left( S_{q}^{3}\right) \)\ with \(\rho\left( \alpha\right) :=\alpha\otimes w\;\)and \(\rho\left( \beta\right) :=\beta\otimes1\) for the unitary group-like generator \(w\) of \(\mathcal{O}\left( \mathbb{Z}_{l}\right) \) with \(w^{l}=1\). More explicitly, \(\mathcal{O}\left( L_{q}\left( l;1,l\right) \right) \) is generated by \(c:=\alpha^{l}\) and \(d:=\beta\), and the coaction \(\rho_{l}\) of \(\mathcal{O}\left( U\left( 1\right) \right) \) on \(\mathcal{O}\left( L_{q}\left( l;1,l\right) \right) \) is given by \(\rho_{l}\left( c\right) :=c\otimes u\) and \(\rho_{l}\left( d\right) :=d\otimes u^{\ast}\). These results are consistent with the classical situation where \(U\left( 1\right) \equiv\mathbb{T}\) acts on \(\mathbb{S}^{3}\) by \(\left( z,w\right) \mapsto\left( u^{k}z,u^{l}w\right) \) for \(u\in\mathbb{T}\). Finitely generated projective \(\mathcal{O}\left( WP_{q}\left( 1,l\right) \right) \)-modules \(\mathcal{L}\left[ n\right] \), naturally called a quantum line bundle over \(WP_{q}\left( 1,l\right) \), are obtained by taking the cotensor product of \(\mathcal{O}\left( L_{q}\left( l;1,l\right) \right) \) with the (one-dimensional) irreducible left \(\mathcal{O}\left( U\left( 1\right) \right) \)-comodules \(W_{n}\) indexed by \(n\in\mathbb{Z}\) over \(\mathcal{O}\left( U\left( 1\right) \right) \). The authors show that \(\mathcal{L}\left[ 1\right] \) is not a free \(\mathcal{O}\left( WP_{q}\left( 1,l\right) \right) \)-module and, consequently, the principal comodule algebra \(\mathcal{O}\left( L_{q}\left( l;1,l\right) \right) \) is not cleft, by constructing concrete even Fredholm modules over \(\mathcal{O} \left( WP_{q}\left( k,l\right) \right) \) and obtaining a nonzero value for the associated traces at the zero component of the Chern character of \(\mathcal{L}\left[ 1\right] \). Finally, the \(C^*\)-algebra completion \(C\left( WP_{q}\left( 1,l\right) \right) \) of \(\mathcal{O}\left( WP_{q}\left( 1,l\right) \right) \) is shown to be isomorphic to the unitization \(\left( \mathcal{K}^{l}\right) ^{+}\) of the \(C^*\)-algebra\(\;\mathcal{K}^{l}\equiv\oplus_{s=1}^{l}\mathcal{K}\) and its \(K\)-groups are computed, where \(\mathcal{K}\) is the \(C^*\)-algebra of all compact operators on \(\ell^{2}\).

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