Rank two prolongations of second-order PDE and geometric singular solutions

DOI10.3836/TJM/1406552432MaRDI QIDQ743669zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Takahiro Noda, Kazuhiro Shibuya

Publication date 30 September 2014

Published in Tokyo Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1210.4735, https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.tjm/1406552432

zbMATH Keywords

exterior differential systemsgeometric singular solutionsimplicit second order PDEsprolongations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Second-order elliptic equations (35J15) Second-order parabolic equations (35K10) Second-order hyperbolic equations (35L10) PDEs on manifolds (35R01) Exterior differential systems (Cartan theory) (58A15) Pfaffian systems (58A17) Elliptic equations on manifolds, general theory (58J05)

Abstract: In this present paper, we study geometric structures of rank two prolongations of implicit second-order partial differential equations (PDEs) for two independent and one dependent variables and characterize the type of these PDEs by the topology of fibers of the rank two prolongations. Moreover, by using properties of these prolongations, we give explicit expressions of geometric singular solutions of second-order PDEs from the point of view of contact geometry of second order.

Review text

The authors prove that the fibers of the first prolongation of a second order hyperbolic, parabolic or elliptic (respectively) 2nd order PDE are tori, pinched tori (with one singular point) or spheres (respectively). They compute out the tangent nilpotent graded Lie algebras that arise as symbol algebras in Tanaka's theory for any equation of each of the three classes. They give examples of singular solutions of an equation of each type, so that the solution is a smooth surface in a suitable prolongation. The authors point out that the torus fibers in the hyperbolic case were described in a paper of \textit{R. Bryant, P. Griffiths} and \textit{L. Hsu} [Sel. Math., New Ser. 1, No. 1, 21--112 (1995; Zbl 0853.58102)]; the reader might also enjoy reading Eendebak's work on tori in first order hyperbolic systems for two functions of two variables.

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Cites work

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• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3874251 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 48987 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 510689 (Why is no real title available?)
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Cited in

(3)

• On implicit second-order PDE of a scalar function on a plane via differential systems
• Shape maps for second order partial differential equations
• Second-order generalized Monge-Ampère equations on a plane and its geometric singular solutions

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