Relative hyperbolicity of free extensions of free groups
The paper studies relative hyperbolicity for extensions of a finite-rank free group \(F\), with particular emphasis on the free-by-free case arising from subgroups of \(\mathrm{Out}(F)\) generated by exponentially growing outer automorphisms. The central nonstandard notion is that of an admissible subgroup system \(K=\big \{[K_1],\dots,[K_p] \big\}\), designed to encode the peripheral data needed for relative hyperbolicity.\N\NOne of the main results, Theorem 1.1, gives an equivalence for a collection \(\phi_1,\dots,\phi_k\) of exponentially growing outer automorphisms such that \(\phi_i\) and \(\phi_j\) have no common power for \(i\neq j\). It shows that there exists a subgroup system \(K\) which is admissible for each \(\phi_i\) and satisfies \(L^{\pm}_K(\phi_i)\cap L^{\pm}_K(\phi_j)=\emptyset\) whenever \(i\neq j\) if and only if, for every free group \(Q\) generated by sufficiently high powers of the \(\phi_i\), the corresponding extension is hyperbolic relative to a collection of peripheral subgroups of the form \(\{K_s\rtimes \widehat Q_s\}_{s=1}^p\), where \(\widehat Q_s\) is a lift fixing \(K_s\).\N\NA basic ingredient is a generalized weak attraction theorem asserting that a conjugacy class is not weakly attracted to an element of \(L^+_K(\phi)\) if and only if it is carried by \(K\). From this the authors derive conjugacy flaring and hallway-type flaring statements on electrified spaces. In particular, Theorem 1.2 proves that if \(K\) is an admissible subgroup system for \(\phi\in \mathrm{Out}(F)\), then the free-by-cyclic group \(F\rtimes_\Phi \mathbb{Z}\) is strongly hyperbolic relative to the corresponding peripheral subgroups.
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