Remarks on Maximal Operators Over Arbitrary Sets of Directions

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Let \(\Sigma\) be a subset of \([0,1]\) having cardinality \(N\) and let us define the maximal operator on \(\mathbb R^2\) \[ {\mathcal M}_{\Sigma}f(x)=\sup_{s\in\Sigma}\int_{| t| <1} | f(x-te_s)| \, dt. \] Then, it is proved that this operator is bounded in \(L^2\) with constant less than or equal \(C \sqrt{1+\log N}\), and \(C\) independ of \(N\). Previously, this result had been proved by \textit{A. Córdoba} [ Am. J. Math. 99, 1--22 (1977; Zbl 0384.42008)]{} for the set \(\Sigma=\{j/N, j=1, \dots N\}\), since, in this case, the above operator is related to the Kakeya maximal operator over rectangles of length 1 and eccentricity \(N\). Also \textit{A. M. Vargas} [ Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo, II. Ser. 44, 273--282 (1995; Zbl 0832.42011)]{} had proved it when \(\Sigma\) was a finite truncation of a Cantor set. However, the best bound known up to this paper was \(C (1+\log N)\) [\textit{M. Christ, J. Duoandikoetxea} and \textit{J. L. Rubio de Francia}, Duke Math. J. 53, 189--209 (1995; Zbl 0656.42010)].




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