Repeated interactions in open quantum systems
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Abstract: Analyzing the dynamics of open quantum systems has a long history in mathematics and physics. Depending on the system at hand, basic physical phenomena that one would like to explain are, for example, convergence to equilibrium, the dynamics of quantum coherences (decoherence) and quantum correlations (entanglement), or the emergence of heat and particle fluxes in non-equilibrium situations. From the mathematical physics perspective, one of the main challenges is to derive the irreversible dynamics of the open system, starting from a unitary dynamics of the system and its environment. The repeated interactions systems considered in these notes are models of non-equilibrium quantum statistical mechanics. They are relevant in quantum optics, and more generally, serve as a relatively well treatable approximation of a more difficult quantum dynamics. In particular, the repeated interaction models allow to determine the large time (stationary) asymptotics of quantum systems out of equilibrium.
Repeated interaction systems (RIS) are models of non-equilibrium quantum statistical mechanics the special features of which make that it is possible to determine large times asymptotic properties which are special features of stationary systems out of equilibrium. The paper deals with various regimes of (RIS) in which the strength of the coupling, the duration of each interaction and several interactions can be coupled in ways that are reminiscent of a weak coupling or Van Hove limit in continuous Hamiltonian systems. One first defines RIS, and then one considers their asymptotic state and various limiting regimes. Later one displays two realistic systems which show the effectiveness of repeated interaction in some systems modelling. One considers the thermodynamic properties of RI systems, and then, one proposes an alternative description of RIS in the framework of algebraic quantum statistical mechanics. The paper concludes with an analysis of the relations between RIS and the quantum measurement process.
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