Representations of 3-manifold groups
Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to manifolds and cell complexes (57-02) Fundamental group, presentations, free differential calculus (57M05) Low-dimensional topology of special (e.g., branched) coverings (57M12) General geometric structures on low-dimensional manifolds (57M50)
In this survey paper, the author focuses on the interaction between two kinds of representations of fundamental groups of compact, connected, orientable, irreducible \(3\)-manifolds: representations by \(2\times 2\) matrices (related to hyperbolic structures on 3-manifolds) and representations by automorphisms of trees (related to surfaces in 3-manifolds). NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINESection 1 shows how an essential surface in a 3-manifold \(M\) leads naturally to an action of \(\pi_1(M)\) on a tree \(T\) which is nontrivial (no vertex of \(T\) is fixed by the entire group \(\pi_1(M)\)) and without inversion (no element of \(\pi_1(M)\) fixes an edge of \(T\) exchanging its endpoints). NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINESection 2 presents a construction that goes the opposite way: starting with a nontrivial action of \(\pi_1(M)\) without inversion on a tree \(T\), an essential surface in \(M\) can be obtained. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINESection 5 discusses when and how such an action can be constructed, using some concepts explained in Sections 3 and 4. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEIn the last subsection of Section 5 and in Section 6, an important application to topology is presented: the existence of an essential separating surface in the complement of a nontrivial knot, first conjectured by Neuwirth. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEA second application is given in Section 7, with a proof of the Generalized Smith Conjecture, which states that a cyclic covering of a connected, closed, orientable 3-manifold, branched over a nontrivial knot, cannot be simply connected. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEIn Section 8, the author defines a norm on \(H_1(\partial M,R)\) for hyperbolic 3-manifolds with connected torus boundary. This norm is used in Section 9 for applications to Dehn surgery and in Section 10 for studying more refined questions related to the Neuwirth Conjecture. NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEFinally, in Section 11 is explained how the above techniques are related to geometric questions about degenerations of hyperbolic structures.NEWLINENEWLINEFor the entire collection see [Zbl 0977.00029].
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- Character varieties of mutative 3-manifolds
- Degenerations of ideal hyperbolic triangulations
- The \(SL(2, \mathbb C)\) Casson invariant for Dehn surgeries on two-bridge knots
- A generalisation of the deformation variety
- Closed surfaces and character varieties
- Character varieties of higher dimensional representations and splittings of 3-manifolds
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- A sheaf-theoretic model for SL (2, C) Floer homology
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- Vanishing theorems for representation homology and the derived cotangent complex
- Reidemeister torsion form on character varieties
- Representing 3-manifolds by Dehn spheres
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- A discreteness algorithm for 4-punctured sphere groups
- Culler-Shalen seminorms of fillings of the Whitehead link exterior
- Gonality and genus of canonical components of character varieties
- Tropical varieties associated to ideal triangulations: The Whitehead link complement
- Analytic families of quantum hyperbolic invariants
- A note on representation variety of abelian groups and Reidemeister torsion
- Central limit theorems for counting measures in coarse negative curvature
- \(\mathrm{SO}(2n, \mathbb{C})\)-character varieties are not varieties of characters
- Ideal points of character varieties, algebraic non-integral representations, and undetected closed essential surfaces in 3–manifolds
- Representations ofm-valued groups on triangulations of manifolds
- Hidden torsion, 3-manifolds, and homology cobordism
- Nontriviality of the \(M\)-degree of the \(A\)-polynomial
- Detection of essential surfaces in 3-manifolds with SL₂-trees
- Singular intersections of subgroups and character varieties
- Canonical components of character varieties of arithmetic two-bridge link complements
- The character variety of one relator groups
- Thick hyperbolic 3-manifolds with bounded rank
- Prosolvable rigidity of surface groups
- On adjoint homological Selmer modules for \(\text{SL}_2\)-augmented tautological representations of knot groups
- The \(\operatorname{SL}(2,\mathbb{C})\)-character variety of \(8_{18}\)
- A-polynomials, Ptolemy equations and Dehn filling
- Computing closed essential surfaces in 3-manifolds
- Essential tori in 3-manifolds not detected in any characteristic
- \(PSL_2(\mathbb{C})\)-character varieties and Seifert fibered cosmetic surgeries
- The A-factor locus of a normal function
- \(\mathbb{Z}/2\) harmonic 1-forms, \(\mathbb{R}\)-trees, and the Morgan-Shalen compactification
- Skinning maps
- The diameter of the set of boundary slopes of a knot
- Actions of certain arithmetic groups on Gromov hyperbolic spaces
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