Resolving singularities of plane analytic branches with one toric morphism

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Let \(({\mathcal C},0)\) be an irreducible germ of a complex plane curve. Let \(R\) be the local analytic algebra of \({\mathcal C}\) and \(\nu\) be the unique valuation of \(R\). The graded ring gr\(_{\nu}(R):= \bigoplus_n {I_n\over I_{n+1}}\) where \(I_n:=\{x \in R|\nu(x)\geq n\}\), \(n\in \mathbb{N}\), is the ring of the monomial curve \({\mathcal C}^{\Gamma}\) with the same semigroup \(\Gamma\) as \({\mathcal C}\). There exists a one parameter deformation of \({\mathcal C}^{\Gamma}\) having all its fibers except the special one isomorphic to \({\mathcal C}\). In this paper, the authors show that \({\mathcal C}^{\Gamma}\) can be resolved by a single toric modification of its ambient space \(\mathbb C ^{g+1}\) (\(g\) is the number of Puiseux exponents of \({\mathcal C}\)). Furthermore, \({\mathcal C}\) may be naturally embedded in \(\mathbb C ^{g+1}\) in such a way that the toric modification above resolves \textit{both} \({\mathcal C}\) and \({\mathcal C}^{\Gamma}\). This result leads to a difficult question: Given any germ of an analytic space and a valuation of its local algebra, can the germ be embedded in an affine space in such a way that a toric modification of the ambient space can resolve the singularity at the center of the valuation? In his thesis (2002), \textit{Pedro Gonzalez Perez} proved that, in the same way, an irreducible quasi-ordinary hypersurface singularity can be resolved with one toric modification of a suitable ambient space where the quasi-ordinary singularity is a deformation of a toric singularity. In the general case, the graded ring gr\(_{\nu}(R)\) is not always Noetherian and the structure of the semigroup \(\Gamma\) can be very complicated. So the authors' question is far from being easy. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0932.00042].




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