Restrictions of smooth functions to a closed subset.

DOI10.5802/AIF.2067MaRDI QIDQ1774080zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Shuzo Izumi

Publication date 29 April 2005

Published in Annales de l’institut Fourier (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0312226, http://www.numdam.org/item?id=AIF_2004__54_6_1811_0, https://eudml.org/doc/116160

zbMATH Keywords

flatnesshigher order paratangent bundlemulti-dimensional Vandermonde matrixself-similar setsmooth functionsSpallek theoremWhitney problem

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Continuity and differentiation questions (26B05) Fractals (28A80) Differentiable maps on manifolds (58C25)

Abstract: We first provide an approach to the recent conjecture of Bierstone-Milman-Pawlucki on Whitney's old problem on smooth extendability of functions defined on a closed subset of a Euclidean space, using higher order paratangent bundle they introduced. For example, the conjecture is affirmative for classical fractal sets. Next, we give a sharpened form of Spallek's theorem on controllability of flatness by the values on a closed set. The multi-dimensional Vandermonde matrix plays an important role in both cases.

Review text

The following problem goes back to \textit{H. Whitney's} classical paper of 1934 [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 36, 63--89 (1934; Zbl 0008.24902)]: Find the conditions for a function on a closed subset \(X\subset\mathbb{R}^n\) to be extendable to a \(C^k\)-function on \(\mathbb{R}^n\). Whitney gave necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of divided differences for \(n= 1\). In the recent paper by \textit{E. Bierstone}, \textit{P. Milman} and \textit{W. Pavłucki} [Invent. Math. 151, No. 2, 329--352 (2003; Zbl 1031.58002)] the Glaeser construction is generalized to define ``\(N\)th order paratangent bundle \(\tau^k_N(X)\). They also introduced for \(f: X\to\mathbb{R}\) a subbundle \(\nabla^k_N f\subset \tau^k_N(X)\times \mathbb{R}\), a substitution for the notion of divided \(k\)-differences in the multivariate case, and noted that \(\nabla^k_N f\) is a graph of a map \(\tau^k_N(X)\to \mathbb{R}\) for some \(N\) provided \(f\) is the trace of a \(C^k\)-function on \(X\). They conjectured that the graph condition is also sufficient for \(f\) to be a \(C^k\)-trace, and obtained a positive result for compact subanalytic \(X\). In the paper under the review, the conjecture is proved for self-similar sets and for special countable sets with a single limit point.

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Cites work

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(8)

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