Rigidity of Serrin-type problems via integral identities
This article is concerned with the properties of solutions \(u\) to the overdetermined problem \(-\Delta u=f(u)\) in \(\Omega\), \(u=0\) on \(\partial\Omega\) and \(u_\nu=-c\) on \(\partial \Omega\), where \(\Omega\) is a bounded domain of an \(n\)-dimensional Riemannian manifold \((M, g)\) with \(\mathrm{Ric}\geq (n-1) k g\), \(c>0\) is a constant, and \(f'\leq nk\). If \(u\in C^3(\Omega)\cap C^2(\overline \Omega)\) and the mean curvature \(H\) of \(\partial\Omega\) is positive, the authors derive the following Heintze-Karcher inequality: \N\[ \N\frac{n-1}{n} f^2(0)\int_{\partial\Omega} \frac{1}{H}\geq f(0)\int\Omega f(u). \N\] \NMoreover, the equality holds if and only if u is a radial function and \(\Omega\) is a metric ball.\N\NIf \(f(0)>0\), the following inequality is deduced: \N\[\N \int_{\partial\Omega}(H_0-H)(u_\nu)^2\geq 0, \N\]\Nwhere \(H_0=\frac{(n-1)f(0)}{nc}\). In particular, if \(H\geq H_0\) on \(\partial\Omega\), then \(\Omega\) is a ball. Extensions of these results are further derived for Einstein manifolds, that is, manifolds \((M, g)\) for which \(\mathrm{Ric}=\lambda g\), where \(\lambda\) is a real constant.
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