Sequences behavior and applications

DOI10.1007/S00009-023-02491-2MaRDI QIDQ6077109zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 17 October 2023

Published in Mediterranean Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s00009-023-02491-2

bounded conjugation orbit invariant subspaces orbits

Linear operators belonging to operator ideals (nuclear, (p)-summing, in the Schatten-von Neumann classes, etc.) (47B10) Hermitian and normal operators (spectral measures, functional calculus, etc.) (47B15)

Review text

Let \(j\) be a fixed non negative integer. Let \(\{x_n\}\) be a sequence of complex numbers and let \(\Delta x_j=x_{j+1}-x_j\). Then \(\Delta^n x_j= \sum_{k=0}^n (-1)^{n-k}\binom{n}{k}x_{j+k}\). Let \(0<\alpha< 1\). It is shown that (a) \(|x_n|=O(e^{\epsilon n^{\alpha}})\), as \(n \rightarrow \infty\) for all \(\epsilon>0\), and (b) \(|\Delta^n x_j|^{\frac{1}{n}} \rightarrow 0\) as \(n \rightarrow \infty\), if and only if there exists a positive constant \(R\) such that \(\| \Delta^n x_j \|\le R^n n^{n(1-\frac{1}{\alpha})}\). The author also proves that if (a) the Cesàro means \(M_n(x_n)=O(n^k)\), as \(n \rightarrow \infty\) for some positive integer \(k\), and (b) the condition \(n^{1-\frac{1}{n}}|\Delta^n x_j|^{\frac{1}{n}} \rightarrow 0\) as \(n \rightarrow \infty\) are satisfied, then \(\Delta^{k+1}x_j=0\). Applications to the orbits of operators are given.

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