Shadow line distributions

Let \(E\) be an elliptic curve over \(\mathbb{Q}\) with Mordell-Weil rank 2, and \(p\) be a odd prime of good reduction such that rational \(p\)-torsion \(E(\mathbb{Q})_p\) is trivial. Assume that the \(p\)-primary part of the Tate-Shafarevich group of \(E/\mathbb{Q}\) is finite, and that \(K\) is an imaginary quadratic field such that the analytic rank of \(E/K\) is 3 and that all primes dividing the conductor of \(E/\mathbb{Q}\) split in \(K\). Define \(K_{\infty}\) to be the anticyclotomic \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)-extension of \(K\) and \(K_n\) to be the subfield of \(K_{\infty}\) whose Galois group over \(K\) is isomorphic to \(\mathbb{Z}/p^n\mathbb{Z}\).\N\NDenote by \(N_{K_n/K}\) the norm map induced by the map \(P \mapsto \sum_{\sigma \in \textrm{Gal}(K_n/K)}\) in \(E(K_n) \rightarrow E(K)\) and \(\mathcal{U}_K = \bigcap_{n \geq 0} N_{K_n/K} (E(K_n) \otimes \mathbb{Z}_p)\). If the \(p\)-primary part of the Tate-Shafarevich group of \(E/K_n\) is finite for every \(n \in \mathbb{N}\), the \(p\)-divisible closure of \(\mathcal{U}_K\) in \(E(K) \otimes \mathbb{Z}_p\), denoted by \(L_K\), is a free \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)-submodule of rank 1, called the \textit{shadow line} [\textit{B. Mazur} and \textit{K. Rubin}, Doc. Math. Extra Vol., 585--607 (2003; Zbl 1142.11339)]. When the twist of \(E\) by \(K\) has analytic rank 1, a consequence of the Sign Conjecture in [\textit{B. Mazur} and \textit{K. Rubin}, Doc. Math. Extra Vol., 585--607 (2003; Zbl 1142.11339)] is that \(L_K\) lies in \(E(\mathbb{Q}) \otimes \mathbb{Z}_p\).\N\NBy considering the anticyclotomic \(p\)-adic height pairing \(\langle\ ,\ \rangle: E(K) \otimes \mathbb{Z}_p \times E(K) \otimes \mathbb{Z}_p \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}_p\), the authors show that its kernel is precisely \(L_K\) and that \(L_K\) lies in \(E(\mathbb{Q}) \otimes \mathbb{Z}_p\). The distribution of shadow lines could then be studied by analyzing the slopes \((x_K, y_K) \in \mathbb{P}^1(\mathbb{Z}_p)\) after fixing a basis of \(E(\mathbb{Q}) \otimes \mathbb{Z}_p\) considering two linearly independent non-torsion points in \(E(\mathbb{Q})\).\\\N\NThe authors conduct extensive computations (their coding and data are available online on their Github repository). From this computation, they propose 4 conjectures, namely Conjectures 3.1, 4.12, 4.14 and 5.5 regarding the distribution of shadow lines -- it is uniform for ``almost every prime (see Definition 1.1) -- and the independence of the base field \(K\) when considering the isomorphism \(E(\mathbb{F}_p) \otimes \mathbb{Z}_p \rightarrow E(\mathbb{F}_p) \otimes \mathbb{F}_p\). Conjecture 5.5 is proved by considering two restrictions on the elliptic curve (see Proposition 5.9).

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