Sharp inequalities for maximal functions associated with general measures

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The authors consider both uncentered and centered Hardy-Littlewood maximal functions (\(\widetilde M\) and \(M\), respectively) and prove in the one-dimensional case the estimate \[ \mu(\{\widetilde Mf>\lambda\})+\mu(\{f>\lambda\})\leq {1\over\lambda}\int_{\{\widetilde{M}f>\lambda\}} fd\mu + {1\over\lambda}\int_{\{f>\lambda\}}fd\mu, \] and in the more than one-dimensional case the estimate \[ \mu(\{Mf>\lambda\})+(c_n-1)\mu(\{f>\lambda\})\leq {1\over\lambda}\int_{\{Mf>\lambda\}} fd\mu + (c_n-1){1\over\lambda}\int_{\{f>\lambda\}}fd\mu. \] These estimates are stronger than the usual weak type \((1,1)\) estimates. In the one-dimensional case the authors give the, in some sense, reverse inequality \[ \int_{\{\widetilde Mf>\lambda\}}fd\mu\leq \lambda\mu(\{\widetilde M f>\lambda\}). \] As corollary they obtain that both uncentered and centered Hardy-Littlewood maximal functions are bounded on \(L^p\) in the one-dimensional case for an arbitrary Borel measure, but only for centered Hardy-Littlewood maximal function this is valid in more than one dimension (counterexample for uncentered Hardy-Littlewood maximal function is also constructed). The constants obtained in the results are completely independent from the measure and are asymptotically sharp for the fixed dimension. The results are quite interesting, because the proofs do not use doubling property of the measure, and so it is not requiered.




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