Sign-changing solutions for critical equations with Hardy potential

Publication date 29 September 2021

Abstract: We consider the following perturbed critical Dirichlet problem involving the Hardy-Schr"odinger operator on a smooth bounded domain

O m e g a s u b s e t m a t h b b R^{N}

,

N g e q 3

, with

0 i n O m e g a

:

left{ �egin{array}{ll}-Delta u-gamma frac{u}{|x|^2}-epsilon u=|u|^{frac{4}{N-2}}u &hbox{in }Omega u=0 & hbox{on }partial Omega, end{array} ight.

when

e p s i l o n > 0

is small and

g a m m a < (N - 2)^{2} o v e r 4

. Setting

g a m m a_{j} = f r a c (N - 2)^{2} 4 l e f t (1 - f r a c j (N - 2 + j) N - 1 i g h t) i n (- i n f t y, 0]

for

j i n m a t h b b N,

we show that if

g a m m a l e q f r a c (N - 2)^{2} 4 - 1

and

g a m m a e q g a m m a_{j}

for any

j

, then for small

e p s i l o n

, the above equation has a positive --non variational-- solution that develops a bubble at the origin. If moreover

g a m m a < f r a c (N - 2)^{2} 4 - 4,

then for any integer

k g e q 2

, the equation has for small enough

e p s i l o n

, a sign-changing solution that develops into a superposition of

k

bubbles with alternating sign centered at the origin. The above result is optimal in the radial case, where the condition that

g a m m a e q g a m m a_{j}

is not necessary. Indeed, it is known that, if

g a m m a > f r a c (N - 2)^{2} 4 - 1

and

O m e g a

is a ball

B

, then there is no radial positive solution for

e p s i l o n > 0

small. We complete the picture here by showing that, if

g a m m a g e q f r a c (N - 2)^{2} 4 - 4

, then the above problem has no radial sign-changing solutions for

e p s i l o n > 0

small. These results recover and improve what is known in the non-singular case, i.e., when

g a m m a = 0

.

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