Sign patterns of nonnegative normal matrices

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A nonnegative sign pattern is a matrix whose entries are from the set \(\{+, 0\}\). A nonnegative sign pattern \(A\) allows normality if there is a normal matrix \(B\) whose entries have signs indicated by \(A\). This paper investigates the combinatorial structure of nonnegative normal matrices, in particular (0,1) normal matrices. Up to order 5, (0,1) normal matrices are classified up to permutation similarity. A number of general conditions for sign patterns to allow normality are obtained.











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