Simple Diagonal Locally Finite Lie Algebras
Let \(L_i\) be a perfect (i.e. \([L_i,L_i]=L_i\)) finite-dimensional complex Lie algebra; \(S_i=S_i^1\oplus\ldots\oplus S_i^{n_i}\) a Levi subalgebra of \(L_i\); \(S_i^1,\ldots,S_i^{n_i}\) simple components of \(S_i\); \(V_i^k\) the standard \(S_i^k\)-module. Since \(L_i\) is perfect, for every \(k\) there exists a unique irreducible \(L_i\)-module \({\mathcal V}_i^k\) such that the restriction \({\mathcal V}_i^k{\downarrow} S_i^k\) is isomorphic to \(V_i^k\). An embedding \(L_i\to L_{j}\) is called diagonal if for each \(l\) any nontrivial composition factor of the restriction \({\mathcal V}_{j}^l{\downarrow} L_i\) is isomorphic to \({\mathcal V}_i^k\) or its dual \({\mathcal V}_i^{k^*}\) for some \(k\). It is proved that a simple complex locally finite Lie algebra \(L\) can be embedded into a locally finite associative algebra if and only if there exists a local system \(\{L_i\}_{i\in I}\) of perfect finite-dimensional subalgebras in \(L\) such that all embeddings \(L_i\to L_{j}\) for \(i<j\) are diagonal. Note that this result can be considered as a version of Ado's theorem for simple locally finite Lie algebras. Let \(V\) be a vector space. An element \(x\in \text{gl}(V)\) is called finitary if \(\dim xV<\infty\). The finitary transformations of \(V\) form an ideal \(f\text{gl}(V)\) of \(\text{gl}(V)\), and any subalgebra of \(f\text{gl}(V)\) is called a finitary Lie algebra. All finitary simple Lie algebras of countable dimension are classified. It turns out that there are only three: \(\text{sl}_\infty(F)\), \(\text{so}_\infty(F)\), and \(\text{sp}_\infty(F)\). The analogous problem in group theory has been recently solved by J. I. Hall. He classified simple locally finite groups of finitary linear transformations.
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