Solitary trajectories of analytic vector fields
Model theory of ordered structures; o-minimality (03C64) Real algebraic and real-analytic geometry (14P99) Real-analytic manifolds, real-analytic spaces (32C05) Topological structure of integral curves, singular points, limit cycles of ordinary differential equations (34C05) Asymptotic properties of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34D05)
Let \(\xi\) be an analytic vector field on \(\mathbb R^d\). A parameterized \(C^1\)-curve \(\gamma : (a, + \infty) \to \mathbb R^d\) is a solitary trajectory of \(\xi\) if \(\gamma\) is a non-stationary trajectory of \(\xi\) with \(\lim_{t \to + \infty} \gamma(t) = p_0 \in \xi^{-1}(0)\) which has flat contact with a formal curve \(\Gamma\) and, if \(\delta\) is another \(C^1\)-curve invariant under \(\xi\) (i.e. \(\delta' \wedge \xi(\delta) = 0\)) and having flat contact with \(\Gamma\), then \(\gamma\) and \(\delta\) coincide up to reparameterization. That \(\gamma\) and \(\Gamma\) have flat contact means that their iterated oriented tangents at \(p_0\) coincide; these (if they exist) are obtained by an infinite sequence of point centered blow-ups. The author proves that all solitary trajectories of analytic vector fields generate a polynomially bounded o-minimal structure \(\mathcal S\) which expands the structure of globally subanalytic sets. More precisely, if \(\gamma\) is a solitary trajectory of an analytic vector field \(\xi\) with limit point \(p_0\), then the image of \(\gamma\) near \(p_0\) is definable in \(\mathcal S\). The proof is based on a result of \textit{J. P. Rolin} et al. [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 95, No. 2, 413--442 (2007; Zbl 1123.03031)] with the help of which the proof can be reduced to checking a certain quasianalyticity condition for \(\gamma\). This quasianalyticity condition is derived from a (yet unpublished) result of Cano, the author and Sanz which asserts that for any formal curve \(\Gamma\) invariant under an analytic vector field \(\xi\) there exists a trajectory of \(\xi\) which has flat contact with \(\Gamma\). The author remarks that the o-minimal structure \(\mathcal S\) is a reduct of the o-minimal structure \(\mathbb{R}_{\mathcal G}\) studied by \textit{L. van den Dries} and \textit{P. Speissegger} [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 81, No. 3, 513--565 (2000; Zbl 1062.03029)] and based on Gevrey multi-summability theory.
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