Solving Laplace problems with corner singularities via rational functions
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Hermite integralLaplace equationmethod of fundamental solutionspotential theoryrational approximation
Laplace operator, Helmholtz equation (reduced wave equation), Poisson equation (35J05) Approximation by rational functions (41A20) General theory of numerical methods in complex analysis (potential theory, etc.) (65E05) Spectral, collocation and related methods for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N35) Fundamental solutions, Green's function methods, etc. for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N80)
Abstract: A new method is introduced for solving Laplace problems on 2D regions with corners by approximation of boundary data by the real part of a rational function with fixed poles exponentially clustered near each corner. Greatly extending a result of D. J. Newman in 1964 in approximation theory, we first prove that such approximations can achieve root-exponential convergence for a wide range of problems, all the way up to the corner singularities. We then develop a numerical method to compute approximations via linear least-squares fitting on the boundary. Typical problems are solved in < 1s on a laptop to 8-digit accuracy, with the accuracy guaranteed in the interior by the maximum principle. The computed solution is represented globally by a single formula, which can be evaluated in tens of microseconds at each point.
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