Spaces of orderings of fields under finite extensions

Quadratic forms over general fields (11E04) Fields related with sums of squares (formally real fields, Pythagorean fields, etc.) (12D15) Ordered fields (12J15) Valuations and their generalizations for commutative rings (13A18)

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Let \(L\supset K\), [L : K]\(<\infty\), be ordered fields with spaces of orders \(X_ L\) and \(X_ K\) and let r: \(X_ L\to X_ K\) be the restriction map. The author studies this situation from the point of view of \textit{M. Marshall's} (abstract) spaces of orderings [Can. J. Math. 31, 320-330 (1979; Zbl 0412.10012)] and [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 258, 505-521 (1980; Zbl 0427.10015)]. For example he shows i.a.: For any x in \(X_ K\) there is a clopen subspace V of \(X_ K\), with \(x\in V\), and a morphism p of spaces of orderings, p: \(r^{-1}(V)\to r^{-1}(x)\) such that \(p|_{r^{- 1}(x)}\) is the identity and for all \(y\in V\) the restriction p: \(r^{- 1}(y)\to r^{-1}(x)\) is bijective. If in addition L/K is Galois with group G, then p and V can be chosen to be G-invariant. If K is a function field over a real closed field, then the set \(\{x\in X_ k|\) \(r^{- 1}(x)\) is SAP\(\}\) is open and dense in \(X_ K\). Again let L/K be Galois with group G. Let d be the maximal \({\mathbb{Z}}/2{\mathbb{Z}}\)-dimension of an elementary abelian 2-group of G. Then, up to torsion, the trace form of L/K is a multiple of a d-fold Pfister form over K. The methods of proof are valuation-theoretic.

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