Rotation invariant moment problems (Q1182363)

A famous theorem of M. Riesz states that the polynomials in one variable are dense in \(L^ 2(\mu)\) when \(\mu\) is a determinate measure on the real line. It has not been known if the same is true for polynomials in \(d\) variables, when now, of course \(\mu\) is a determinate measure on \(R^ d\). The paper settles this question in the negative by proving that there exist rotation invariant measures \(\mu\) on \(R^ d\), \(d>1\), which are determinate, but the polynomials are not dense in \(L^ 2(\mu)\). The paper shows that such measures necessarily have the representation \(\mu=\sum^ \infty_{n=0}\alpha_ n\omega_{r_ n}\), where \(\alpha_ n>0\) and \(\omega_ r\) is the normalized uniform distribution on the sphere \(\| x\|=r\), and \(0\leq r_ 0<r_ 1<\cdots\to\infty\) are the zeros of an entire function of order \(\leq 2\). Thus for all other rotation invariant determinate measures on \(R^ d\) and in particular, for such a measure \(\mu\) which is absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure, the polynomials are dense in \(L^ 2(\mu)\).