Normal stability of autonomous and periodic linear Hamiltonian systems (Q1698370)

This paper defines and explores the concept of normal stability for autonomous Hamiltonian systems. The author first considers the following linear Hamiltonian system with \(n\) degrees of freedom: \(H(z)={1\over 2}\, z^TSz\), where \(z= (q,p)^T\), \(q=(q_1,q_2,\dots, q_n)\in\mathbb{R}^n\), \(p=(p_1,p_2,\dots, p_n)\in\mathbb{R}^n\), and \(S\) is a symmetric matrix. The linear Hamiltonian system associated with \(H\) is \(\dot z=Az\), where \(A=JS\) is a \(2n\times 2n\) real Hamiltonian matrix an \(J\) is the standard symplectic matrix \[ J=\begin{pmatrix} 0 & I\\ -I & 0\end{pmatrix}. \] The author's goal is first to establish necessary and sufficient conditions for this system to be normally stable. Normal stability means that for every real analytic \(\Gamma:\mathbb{R}^{2n}\to\mathbb{R}\) for which the Poisson bracket \(\{\Gamma,H\}\) vanishes, there is a formal integral of the form \(L(z)= J(z)+R(z)\) for the Hamiltonian system associated with \(H+\Gamma\), where \(J\) is a positive definite quadratic form in \(z\) and \(R(z)\) is a formal power series in \(z\). The author proceeds to identify several conditions that are equivalent to normal stability. One of these is the Moser-Weinstein condition that requires the restrictions of \(H\) on \(A\)-invariant components of \(\mathbb{R}^{2n}\) to be positive or negative definite. Following this, the author considers strong stability and offers several equivalent conditions to explore notions similar to normal stability. He also investigates the relationship between normal stability and Lie stability. Finally, he describes an extension of the concept of normal stability to periodic Hamiltonian systems.