A locally Nagata PID that is not Nagata (Q2125157)

Noetherian rings were introduced to define a general and appropriate setting for studying those rings which arose in algebraic geometry and number theory. However, general Noetherian rings proved to be not so well-behaved as was seen long ago in illuminating examples constructed mainly by Krull, Akizuki, and Nagata. At that point, many researchers found it natural to restrict the general study of Noetherian rings to ``well-behaved'' Noetherian rings and the focus was mainly on excellent rings. The purpose of this paper is to present two examples of phenomena that have not yet been shown and likely cannot be shown with the example types currently available in the literature. These are examples of ``bad'' Noetherian rings which are both regular and locally excellent. The first example shows that regular and locally excellent do not imply excellent even in dimension one. The second example shows that regular, locally excellent, and Japanese do not imply universally Japanese and of course also do not imply excellent in dimension two. This nice paper is part of the difficult and important line of research aimed at the construction of new and profound examples that highlight very subtle pathologies.