On the locus of 2-dimensional crystalline representations with a given reduction modulo \(p\) (Q2190845)

The paper studies some moduli spaces of two dimensional \(p\)-adic representations of \(\mathrm{Gal}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}_p}/\mathbb{Q}_p)\) that are deformations of a given continuous representation \(\overline{\rho}: \mathrm{Gal}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}_p}/\mathbb{Q}_p) \to\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathbb{F}_q)\), with \(q = p^n\). The main results show that these moduli spaces form rigid analytic spaces and an explicit description of such spaces is given in terms of standard subdomains of the projective line \(\mathbb{P}^1(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_p)\). More specifically, given the universal deformation ring \(R(\overline{\rho})\) of \(\overline{\rho}\) (over some fixed finite extension \(E/\mathbb{Q}_p\)) in the paper some quotients of \(R(\overline{\rho})\) are defined and denoted by \(R^\psi(k, \tau, \overline{\rho})\). As \(R(\overline{\rho})\) parametrizes all the continuous representations \(\overline{\rho}: \mathrm{Gal}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}_p}/\mathbb{Q}_p) \to \mathrm{GL}_2(E)\) whose reduction is isomorphic to \(\overline{\rho}\) the algebras \(R^\psi(k, \tau, \overline{\rho})\) parametrize those whose Hodge-Tate weights are \((0, k-1)\), the determinant is \(\psi\) and the Galois type is \(\tau\). The main results of the paper show that the ring \(R^\psi(k, \tau, \overline{\rho})[1/p]\) is the ring of bounded analytic function on a standard domain \(X^\psi(k, \tau, \overline{\rho}) \subset \mathbb{P}^1(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_p)\) (these are defined as open or closed disks in which some open or closed subdisks have been removed) and an explicit analytic function \(X^\psi(k, \tau, \overline{\rho}) \to \mathbb{P}^1(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_p)\) that identify this standard domain is computed. Moreover, the complexity of the standard domains \(X^\psi(k, \tau, \overline{\rho})\) (roughly, counting how many disks have been removed from a given disk) is studied and methods for computing it are provided. The paper is quite self-contained, although it requires some previous knowledge of Galois representations and rigid geometry for a full understanding. The paper is structured as follows. The first section proves some basic results about disks in \(\mathbb{P}^1(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_p)\) that seem to be not present in literature. The second section recalls the definition of Hilbert-Samuel multiplicity of a finitely generated module over a local Noetherian ring and several properties are discussed. Later in the paper, this notion is used to define the algebraic complexity of a standard domain of \(\mathbb{P}^1(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_p)\). Section 3 contains a review of rigid analytic geometry. In particular, the notions quasiaffinoid algebras and quasiaffinoid spaces are recalled. These are generalizations of affinoid algebras that permit to discuss also spaces without boundaries, like open polydisks and closed subspaces of these. Then, the notion of standard subdomain of \(\mathbb{P}^1(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_p)\) is introduced as a specific kind of quasiaffinoid space. Section 4 is about the complexity of standard domains of \(\mathbb{P}^1(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_p)\). Two definitions of complexity are given, an algebraic one using the Hilbert-Samuel multiplicity and a combinatorial one. In section 4.4 it is proved that these two notions agree. After these preliminary results, in section 5 the study of moduli spaces of deformations of continuous Galois representations modulo \(p\) starts, and some of the main results are proved while the proofs of some of the main results are postponed to section 7. Section 6 contains some specific explicit examples of the algebras \(R^\psi(k, \tau, \overline{\rho})\) and their associated standard domains \(X^\psi(k, \tau, \overline{\rho})\), for specific choices of \(p\) and of the other parameters, as well as the computation of their complexity.