On the spectral properties of high-order differential operators with periodic boundary conditions (Q6155433)

The paper under review investigates the differential operator \(L_0\) associated with the differential expression \[ \ell(y)=(-1)^m y^{(2m)}+q(x)y \] on \((0,1)\) with the boundary conditions \[ y^{(s)}(1)-y^{(s)}(0)=0,\quad s=0,\dots,2m-1,\ m\in\mathbb{N}, \] where \[ q(x)\in L_1^+(0,1)=\bigg\{g(x)\in L_1(0,1):\int_0^1 g(t)e^{-2\pi i kt}\,dt=0,\ k\in-\mathbb{N}\bigg\}. \] In particular, the author studies the structure of the set of eigenvalues, the system of root functions, and the basis properties in \(L_p(0,1),\ 1<p<\infty\), for the differential operator \(L_0\). Let \(\{\lambda_n\}_{n=0}^\infty\) be the sequence of all eigenvalues of the differential operator \(L_0\) ordered in ascending absolute value neglecting multiplicities. The main results of the paper can then be summarized as follows: (i) \(\lambda_n=(2\pi n)^m,\ n\in\mathbb{N}\cup\{0\}.\) (ii) \(\lambda_0\) is simple and \(\lambda_n,\ n\in\mathbb{N},\) is a double eigenvalue. (iii) The form of the eigenfunctions associated with the eigenvalues \(\lambda_n\) is shown in terms of infinite sums of the integrals given in the definition of the space \(L_1^+(0,1)\), that is, in terms of integrals of the form \(\int_0^1 g(t)e^{-2\pi ikt}\, dt\). (iv) The conditions for the system (or a specialty chosen system) of root functions of the differential operator \(L_0\) to form a basis in \(L_p(0,1),\ p\in(1,\infty)\), with \(p=2\) being an unconditional basis. For the specialty chosen system case, necessary and sufficient condition for the system to be a basis is given.