Deformations of symplectic Lie algebroids, deformations of holomorphic symplectic structures, and index theorems (Q700522)

The paper classifies deformation quantizations for a class of Poisson structures, for which explicit methods of Fedosov work. Using these methods an index theorem for this class of deformations is obtained. A Lie algebroid is a vector bundle \(E\) over \(M\) whose sheaf of sections is a sheaf of Lie algebras, and a morphism of bundles \(\rho:E\to TM\) satisfying \(\rho[\xi,\eta]= [\rho(\xi), \rho(\eta)]\) and \([f\xi,\eta]= f[\xi,\eta]- L_{\rho(\eta)}(f)\xi\), \(f\in C^\infty(M)\), \(\xi,\eta\in \Gamma(M, E)\). One defines \(E\)-differential forms as elements of \(\Gamma(M,\Lambda E^*)\), and introduces the de Rham differential using the Cartan formula. A symplectic Lie algebroid is a Lie algebroid with a nondegenerate closed \(2\)-\(E\)-differential form. Examples of symplectic Lie algebroids are: symplectic manifolds, constant rank Poisson structures, symplectic structures with logarithmic singularities along submanifolds of codimension one, manifolds with corners, compactified cotangent bundles, complex symplectic manifolds. A deformation is a formal power series \(\overline\omega= \sum_{k\geq 0}(i\hslash)^k P_k\), where \(P_k\) are \(E\)-bidifferential operators, \(P_0(f, g)= fg\) and \(P_1(f,g)- P_1(g, f)= \{f,g\}\). The main classification results of the paper are Theorem 1.1. Let \((E,[,],\rho,\omega)\) be a symplectic Lie algebroid on \(M\). The set \(\mathbb{A}^{\hslash}(M)\) of isomorphism classes of \(E\)-deformations of \((E,[,],\rho,\omega)\) is an bijective correspondence with the space \[ {1\over i\hslash} \omega+{^E H^2}(M, \mathbb{C}[[\hslash]]), \] where \({^EH^2}(M,\mathbb{C}[[\hslash]])\) is the second cohomology group of the \(E\)-de Rham complex. The cohomology class \(\theta\) associated to the deformation by the above theorem is called its characteristic class. Theorem 1.2. Let \(\mathbb{A}^{\hslash}(M)= (C^\infty(M)[[\hslash]],*)\) be an \(E\)-deformation of \(M\). There exists a Lie algebra extension \[ 0\to \text{Ad}(\mathbb{A}^{\hslash}(M))\to {^E\text{Der}}(\mathbb{A}^{\hslash}(M))\to {^EH^1}(M, \mathbb{C}[[\hslash]])\to 0. \] A deformation of a complex manifold \(M\) is a structure of a sheaf of algebras on \({\mathcal O}_M[[\hslash]]\) which is equal to \({\mathcal O}_M\) modulo \(\hslash\) and such that the local multiplication law and the transition isomorphisms are given by power series in \(\hslash\) with coefficients in bidifferential operators. Given a complex manifold \(M\), let \(F^* \Omega^{*,*}\) denote the decreasing filtration of the de Rham complex \[ F^i \Omega^{*,*}(M)= \sum_{0\leq k,l\leq i}\Omega^{(k,l)}(M). \] The classification result for complex manifolds is Theorem 1.3. Let \((M,\omega)\) be a complex manifold with a holomorphic symplectic structure \(\omega\), such that the maps \[ H^i(M,\mathbb{C})\to H^i(M,{\mathcal O}_M);\quad i= 1,2 \] are surjective. The set of isomorphism classes of formal deformations of \((M,\omega)\) is in bijective correspondence with \(H^2(F^1\Omega^{*,*}(M), d)[[\hslash]]\). Moreover, there exists a family of smooth maps \[ \tau: \{H^2(F^1\Omega^{*,*}(M), d)\}^n\to H^2(M,{\mathcal O}_M) \] such that the characteristic class of the deformation associated to \(\alpha_0+ \hslash\alpha_1+\cdots\) is given by the sum \[ {1\over i\hslash} \omega+ \sum_n \hslash^n(\alpha_n+ \tau_n(\alpha_0,\dots, \alpha_{n- 1})). \] The associated formal deformation of the sheaf of algebras of holomorphic functions is locally isomorphic to the Weyl deformation of holomorphic functions on an open polydisk in \(\mathbb{C}^{\dim M}\). The basic tool used in the proofs is the notion of \(E\)-jets, a generalization of the notion of infinite jets of smooth functions. In the last section of the paper the authors prove an index theorem which is a consequence of the Riemann-Roch theorem for periodic cyclic cochains.