Estimates for Fourier transforms of surface measures in \(\mathbb{R}^3\) and PDE applications (Q726763)

Let \(Q\) be a smooth two-dimensional surface in \(\mathbb{R}^3\) and let \(S(x,y)\) denote the function whose graph is given by \(Q\). Consider the Fourier transform of the surface measure at \((-\lambda_1,-\lambda_2,-\lambda_3)\) given by the following oscillatory integral: \[ T(\lambda_1,\lambda_2,\lambda_3)=\int_{\mathbb{R}^2}e^{i\lambda_1S(x,y)+i\lambda_2x+i\lambda_3y}\phi(x,y)\,dx\,dy, \] where \(\phi(x,y)\) is a smooth function supported in a small neighborhood of the origin \(V\). The first main theorem says that, when \(S(x,y)\) is real-analytic, one has an estimate of the form \[ |T(\lambda_1,\mu_2,\mu_3)|\leq C_S|\mu|^{-1/2}\|\phi\|_{C^1(V)} \] for some constant \(C_S\), where \(|\mu|\) is the magnitude of the vector \((\mu_1,\mu_2)\). The key tools to prove this result are a resolution of singularities theorem and an application of a measure version of the van der Corput lemma. By using similar ideas, new proofs of known perturbation results are also provided. As applications, the author proves \(L^p-L^q\) decay estimates for solutions to the Schrödinger and heat equations \[ \partial_tf(t,x_1,x_2)=iS(-i\partial)f(t,x_1,x_2), \qquad \qquad \partial_tf(t,x_1,x_2)=-S(-i\partial)f(t,x_1,x_2) \] with initial datum \(f(0,x_1,x_2)=g(x_1,x_2)\), where \(S(-i\partial)\) is the operator such that \(F(S(-i\partial)f)(\xi)=S(\xi)\widehat{f}(\xi)\) (here \(F\) denotes the Fourier transform), and \(g\) is such that \(\widehat{g}\in C_c^{\infty}(B)\) for a ball \(B\) which is sufficiently small. Moreover, an estimate for the solution to the equation involving fractional powers of \(S(-i\partial)\), namely, \[ [S(-i\partial)]^{\delta}f=g, \] is also given.